PERCEPTION Flashcards
Sense organs receive and transmit info
Sensation
brain interpret info
perception
Lowest intensity stimulus is detected 50% of time
absolute threshold
factors that influence decisions whether a stimulus is there or not
Signal Detection theory
the amount 2 stimuli must differ for them to be perceived 50% of the time
Just Noticeable Difference (JND) or The difference threshold
Sensory systems are particularly responsive to
changes in stimulation
Brightness receptions are called
Rods
Colour receptors are called
Cones
Light striking the _______ in the eye is converted into nerve impulses
retina
regeneration of photopigments that have been depleted by brighter illumination is called
Dark adaptation
What is the 2 stage process of colour vision
trichromatic and opponent-process components
how are visual stimuli analysed then interpreted
analysed by the population responses in the primary visual cortex then interpreted from the visual association cortex.
what are the 2 characteristics of sound waves
frequency or hertz and amplitude or decibels
frequency is related to
pitch
amplitude is related to
loudness
coded in terms of the number and types of auditory nerve fibres that fire
Loudness
Frequency and place theories describe
Pitch
problems involving structures of the ear that transmit vibration to the cochlea
conduction deafness
damaged receptors in the cochlea of the ear is
nerve deafness
the 4 basic qualities of taste receptors are
sweet, sour, salty, bitter
The receptors for smell are
long cells in the upper nasal cavity
What are the 3 skin and body senses?
touch, kinaesthesis and equilibrium
touch is sensitive to what 4 things
pressure, pain, warmth and cold
Kinaesthesis nerve ending are found in what 3 areas
muscles, tendons and joints
sense organ for equilibrium is found where
inner ear
What is Gate control theory
It takes into account the downward influences of the brain
What do endorphins do?
decrease pain
The study of sensory processes have helped people who are
blind, hearing impaired and those who have lost their hands
What are the 2 types of processing involved in perception
Bottom-up and top down
failure to perceive a stimulus when attending to another is called
inattentional blindness
the perceptual system is more vigilant when there is a
threat or danger
What are the 5 Gestalt principles of perception
figure-ground laws of similarity laws of proximity laws of closure laws of continuity
Perceptual sets involve our readiness to perceive based on what 4 things
Expectations
Assumptions
Motivations
Emotions
What is perceptual constancies
perceive familiar stimuli under changing conditions
What the the 3 perceptual constancies for vision
Shape
Brightness
Size
What are the 8 monocular cues to judge depth and distance
Light and Shadow Linear perspective
Interposition Height in the horizontal plane
Texture Clarity
relative size Motion parallax
What is binocular disparity
slightly different image viewed by each eye
What the the basis of perception of movement
Many cells in the V1 are pooled
What are illusions
Erroneous perceptions
What causes illusions
Perceptual constancies
Perceptual development involves what 2 things?
Physical maturation and learning
Can cultural factors influence perception
yes but mainly constant over most cultures
Normal visual development depends on
certain sensory experiences at early periods of development
