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Introduction to Psychology > PERCEPTION > Flashcards

PERCEPTION Flashcards

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1
Q

Sense organs receive and transmit info

A

Sensation

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2
Q

brain interpret info

A

perception

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3
Q

Lowest intensity stimulus is detected 50% of time

A

absolute threshold

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4
Q

factors that influence decisions whether a stimulus is there or not

A

Signal Detection theory

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5
Q

the amount 2 stimuli must differ for them to be perceived 50% of the time

A

Just Noticeable Difference (JND) or The difference threshold

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6
Q

Sensory systems are particularly responsive to

A

changes in stimulation

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7
Q

Brightness receptions are called

A

Rods

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8
Q

Colour receptors are called

A

Cones

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9
Q

Light striking the _______ in the eye is converted into nerve impulses

A

retina

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10
Q

regeneration of photopigments that have been depleted by brighter illumination is called

A

Dark adaptation

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11
Q

What is the 2 stage process of colour vision

A

trichromatic and opponent-process components

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12
Q

how are visual stimuli analysed then interpreted

A

analysed by the population responses in the primary visual cortex then interpreted from the visual association cortex.

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13
Q

what are the 2 characteristics of sound waves

A

frequency or hertz and amplitude or decibels

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14
Q

frequency is related to

A

pitch

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15
Q

amplitude is related to

A

loudness

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16
Q

coded in terms of the number and types of auditory nerve fibres that fire

A

Loudness

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17
Q

Frequency and place theories describe

A

Pitch

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18
Q

problems involving structures of the ear that transmit vibration to the cochlea

A

conduction deafness

19
Q

damaged receptors in the cochlea of the ear is

A

nerve deafness

20
Q

the 4 basic qualities of taste receptors are

A

sweet, sour, salty, bitter

21
Q

The receptors for smell are

A

long cells in the upper nasal cavity

22
Q

What are the 3 skin and body senses?

A

touch, kinaesthesis and equilibrium

23
Q

touch is sensitive to what 4 things

A

pressure, pain, warmth and cold

24
Q

Kinaesthesis nerve ending are found in what 3 areas

A

muscles, tendons and joints

25
Q

sense organ for equilibrium is found where

A

inner ear

26
Q

What is Gate control theory

A

It takes into account the downward influences of the brain

27
Q

What do endorphins do?

A

decrease pain

28
Q

The study of sensory processes have helped people who are

A

blind, hearing impaired and those who have lost their hands

29
Q

What are the 2 types of processing involved in perception

A

Bottom-up and top down

30
Q

failure to perceive a stimulus when attending to another is called

A

inattentional blindness

31
Q

the perceptual system is more vigilant when there is a

A

threat or danger

32
Q

What are the 5 Gestalt principles of perception

A 
figure-ground
laws of similarity
laws of proximity
laws of closure
laws of continuity
33
Q

Perceptual sets involve our readiness to perceive based on what 4 things

A

Expectations
Assumptions
Motivations
Emotions

34
Q

What is perceptual constancies

A

perceive familiar stimuli under changing conditions

35
Q

What the the 3 perceptual constancies for vision

A

Shape
Brightness
Size

36
Q

What are the 8 monocular cues to judge depth and distance

A

Light and Shadow Linear perspective
Interposition Height in the horizontal plane
Texture Clarity
relative size Motion parallax

37
Q

What is binocular disparity

A

slightly different image viewed by each eye

38
Q

What the the basis of perception of movement

A

Many cells in the V1 are pooled

39
Q

What are illusions

A

Erroneous perceptions

40
Q

What causes illusions

A

Perceptual constancies

41
Q

Perceptual development involves what 2 things?

A

Physical maturation and learning

42
Q

Can cultural factors influence perception

A

yes but mainly constant over most cultures

43
Q

Normal visual development depends on

A

certain sensory experiences at early periods of development

Introduction to Psychology (7 decks)

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