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Introduction to Psychology > Motivation > Flashcards

Motivation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the name of the theory of motivation that focuses on how people explain the causes of their own successes and failures?

A

Attribution theory

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2
Q

Motivation that involves obtaining a sense of internalised satisfaction is?

A

Intrinsic motivation

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3
Q

A desire to contribute to my team to achieve a sense of accomplishment is called what?

A

Intrinsic motivation

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4
Q

A state of concentration and engagement that can be achieved when completing a task that challenges one’s skills is called what?

A

Flow

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5
Q

Is selflessness a part of Maslow’s theory?

A

No

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6
Q

If you feel like an outcast. What part of Maslow’s theory of needs are you not getting?

A

Belongingness & love needs

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7
Q

Which part of Alderfer’s ERG relates to Maslow’s needs of Physiological & Safety needs?

A

Existence

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8
Q

Students who demonstrate an earnest desire for increased knowledge and academic competence are said to have a?

A

Mastery-approach orientation

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9
Q

Scott is obsessed with his grades as he wants to get into a good college. What goal orientation is this?

A

Performance-approach orientation

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10
Q

Someone who is interested in continually developing and demonstrating higher capabilities describes someone who has a what?

A

A high need for achievement

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11
Q 
The factors that influence the
Initiation,
Direction,
Intensity,
Persistence of behaviour
Describes what?
A

Motivation

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12
Q

Food, water and sex are examples of what?

A

Psysiological factors of motivation

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13
Q

Perceptions of the world and what can/cannot be done

Describes what?

A

Cognitive factors of motivation

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14
Q

Influence of friends, family sociocultural forces.

These are an example of what?

A

Social factors of motivation

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15
Q

Anxiety, rage & sorrow are examples of what?

A

Emotional factors of motivation

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16
Q

What are 3 factors in Instinct Theory?

A

Unlearned - eg crawling
Uniform in expression
Universal in a species

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17
Q

What is the problem with instinct theory when it comes to humans?

A

It doesn’t allow for cultural differences

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18
Q

What is the basis of Yerkes-Dodson law

A

You need to have a moderate level of arousal/anxiety in order to perform well

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19
Q 
Homeostasis,
Need, 
Drive, 
Drive reducing behaviour
What does this describe?
A

Drive reduction Theory

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20
Q

What are the 2 drives in Drive Reduction theory?

A

Primary drives & Secondary drives

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21
Q

Give some examples of primary drives

A

hungry, thirsty, sexually deprived

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22
Q

Give some examples of secondary drives

A

learned drives - go to work to get money to fulfil primary drives

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23
Q

a positive or negative environmental stimulus that can motivate behaviour.
What does this describe?

A

Incentive

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24
Q

To receive a positive stimulus for performing a behaviour rather than being driven by a primary need is called a what?

A

a reward

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25
Q

What is the difference between WANTING and LIKING?

A 
Wanting = attraction
Liking = evaluating
26
Q

What is more powerful?

Wanting or Liking?

A

Wanting

27
Q

According to Trivers theory on sexual motivation for males.

Is time, energy & risk in reproduction high or low?

A

Low

28
Q

According to Trivers theory on sexual motivation for females.
Is time, energy & risk in reproduction high or low?

A

high

29
Q

Is reproductive success in males maximised by more partners or partners willing to invest in offspring?

A

more partners

30
Q

Do females look for more partners with youth or fewer partners with income?

A

Fewer partners with income

31
Q

What did Dawkins mean when he referred to the Selfish Gene?

A

Genes drive behaviour as a means of ensuring their longevity across generations

32
Q

What did Jones et al., mean when they referred to facial attractiveness?

A

Symmetry is an indicator of health and good genes

33
Q

What are 2 types of Relatedness?

A
  1. Attachment motivation

2. Intimacy

34
Q

What is attachment motivation?

A

Need to have closeness to another individual

35
Q

What is intimacy?

A

Disclosure and mutual caring

36
Q

What are 3 areas related to drive reduction & eating behaviour?

A

Stomach signals
Blood glucose - signal when hungry
Hypothalamus - signal when full - slow

37
Q

What are the 3 factors in homeostasis & eating behaviour

A
  1. set point - individual energy consumptio
  2. feedback - peptide CCK-causes nausea
  3. Satiety mechanisms
38
Q

What are the 2 parts of the hypothalamus?

A

Lateral and Ventromedial

39
Q

What happens if lateral hypothalamus is damaged?

A

Reduced eating behaviour

40
Q

What happens if the Ventromedial hypothalamus is damaged?

A

Diminished ability to want to stop eating

41
Q

Sakurai et al., noted that we cannot confine the on/off switch to eating to the hypothalamus. What is also involved?

A

The brain stem and frontal lobe

42
Q

Name 2 eating disorders

A

Anorexia Nervosa -

Bulimia Nervosa - binging & purging

43
Q

What are the 3 limitations of the biological perspective and hunger

A
  1. Binge eating
  2. Eating disorders
  3. External factors
44
Q

What are 3 external factors that affect eating?

A
  1. Learned meal times
  2. Tendency to eat more in social situation
  3. Palatability
45
Q

What are 2 parts of achievement motivation?

A

Intrinsic Motivation

Extrinsic Motivation

46
Q

What are 3 factors of intrinsic?

A
  1. sense of satisfaction
  2. no reward beyond activity
  3. Idea of ‘flow’
47
Q

What are 3 factors of extrinsic?

A
  1. external rewards
  2. Status, praise, money, title, property
  3. Assoc with more pressure, tension
48
Q

Can rewards influence intrinsic motivation?

A

Deci in 1971 said yes

Cameron & Pierce Meta-analysis said no

49
Q

What is cognitive evaluation theory?

A

rewards can influence intrinsic motivation as long as it is informative (good job) and not controlling (money)

50
Q

What is Self-Determination Theory?

A 
Deci & Ryan 2002
says that for intrinsic motivation to occur there must be
1. Competence
2. Relatedness
3. Autonomy
51
Q

What is nAch?

A

Need for Achievement

52
Q
  1. Activities that require planning
  2. Individual responsibility for outcome
  3. Clear performance feedback
  4. Moderate difficulty or risk
    What does the above describe?
A

The 4 factors in High nAch?

53
Q

Choose tasks that are too easy or overwhelmingly difficult.

What does this describe?

A

Low need for achievement

54
Q

What are 2 areas of life that are positively linked to nAch

A

Choice of career

Performance at work

55
Q

What are Maslow’s 5 hierarchy of needs

A
  1. physiological
  2. Safety
  3. Belongingness & love
  4. Esteem
  5. Self Actualisation
56
Q

What are the 2 limitations of Maslow’s Model

A
  1. no explain how person can forego lower need to focus on higher
  2. Physiological/safety needs vary on culture
57
Q

What is ERG theory?

A

Existence, Relatedness and Growth

58
Q

What are the 4 areas of motive conflict?

A
  1. Approach - approach
  2. Avoidance - avoidance
  3. Approach - avoidance
  4. Multiple approach-avoidance
59
Q

What is approach-approach?

A

Conflict between 2 things you want to do

60
Q

What is avoidance-avoidance?

A

conflict between to chores you hate but have to do

61
Q

What is approach-avoidance?

A

Conflict between something you want to do but becomes difficult to now not so keen. eg assignment. want to avoid penalty.

62
Q

What is multiple approach-avoidance?

A

Multiple situations like the assignment example

Introduction to Psychology (7 decks)

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