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Introduction to Psychology > Motivation > Flashcards

Motivation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the theory of motivation that focuses on how people explain the causes of their own successes and failures?

A

Attribution theory

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2
Q

Motivation that involves obtaining a sense of internalised satisfaction is?

A

Intrinsic motivation

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3
Q

A desire to contribute to my team to achieve a sense of accomplishment is called what?

A

Intrinsic motivation

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4
Q

A state of concentration and engagement that can be achieved when completing a task that challenges one’s skills is called what?

A

Flow

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5
Q

Is selflessness a part of Maslow’s theory?

A

No

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6
Q

If you feel like an outcast. What part of Maslow’s theory of needs are you not getting?

A

Belongingness & love needs

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7
Q

Which part of Alderfer’s ERG relates to Maslow’s needs of Physiological & Safety needs?

A

Existence

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8
Q

Students who demonstrate an earnest desire for increased knowledge and academic competence are said to have a?

A

Mastery-approach orientation

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9
Q

Scott is obsessed with his grades as he wants to get into a good college. What goal orientation is this?

A

Performance-approach orientation

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10
Q

Someone who is interested in continually developing and demonstrating higher capabilities describes someone who has a what?

A

A high need for achievement

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11
Q 
The factors that influence the
Initiation,
Direction,
Intensity,
Persistence of behaviour
Describes what?
A

Motivation

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12
Q

Food, water and sex are examples of what?

A

Psysiological factors of motivation

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13
Q

Perceptions of the world and what can/cannot be done

Describes what?

A

Cognitive factors of motivation

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14
Q

Influence of friends, family sociocultural forces.

These are an example of what?

A

Social factors of motivation

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15
Q

Anxiety, rage & sorrow are examples of what?

A

Emotional factors of motivation

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16
Q

What are 3 factors in Instinct Theory?

A

Unlearned - eg crawling
Uniform in expression
Universal in a species

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17
Q

What is the problem with instinct theory when it comes to humans?

A

It doesn’t allow for cultural differences

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18
Q

What is the basis of Yerkes-Dodson law

A

You need to have a moderate level of arousal/anxiety in order to perform well

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19
Q 
Homeostasis,
Need, 
Drive, 
Drive reducing behaviour
What does this describe?
A

Drive reduction Theory

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20
Q

What are the 2 drives in Drive Reduction theory?

A

Primary drives & Secondary drives

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21
Q

Give some examples of primary drives

A

hungry, thirsty, sexually deprived

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22
Q

Give some examples of secondary drives

A

learned drives - go to work to get money to fulfil primary drives

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23
Q

a positive or negative environmental stimulus that can motivate behaviour.
What does this describe?

A

Incentive

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24
Q

To receive a positive stimulus for performing a behaviour rather than being driven by a primary need is called a what?

A

a reward

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25
What is the difference between WANTING and LIKING?
``` Wanting = attraction Liking = evaluating ```
26
What is more powerful? | Wanting or Liking?
Wanting
27
According to Trivers theory on sexual motivation for males. | Is time, energy & risk in reproduction high or low?
Low
28
According to Trivers theory on sexual motivation for females. Is time, energy & risk in reproduction high or low?
high
29
Is reproductive success in males maximised by more partners or partners willing to invest in offspring?
more partners
30
Do females look for more partners with youth or fewer partners with income?
Fewer partners with income
31
What did Dawkins mean when he referred to the Selfish Gene?
Genes drive behaviour as a means of ensuring their longevity across generations
32
What did Jones et al., mean when they referred to facial attractiveness?
Symmetry is an indicator of health and good genes
33
What are 2 types of Relatedness?
1. Attachment motivation | 2. Intimacy
34
What is attachment motivation?
Need to have closeness to another individual
35
What is intimacy?
Disclosure and mutual caring
36
What are 3 areas related to drive reduction & eating behaviour?
Stomach signals Blood glucose - signal when hungry Hypothalamus - signal when full - slow
37
What are the 3 factors in homeostasis & eating behaviour
1. set point - individual energy consumptio 2. feedback - peptide CCK-causes nausea 3. Satiety mechanisms
38
What are the 2 parts of the hypothalamus?
Lateral and Ventromedial
39
What happens if lateral hypothalamus is damaged?
Reduced eating behaviour
40
What happens if the Ventromedial hypothalamus is damaged?
Diminished ability to want to stop eating
41
Sakurai et al., noted that we cannot confine the on/off switch to eating to the hypothalamus. What is also involved?
The brain stem and frontal lobe
42
Name 2 eating disorders
Anorexia Nervosa - | Bulimia Nervosa - binging & purging
43
What are the 3 limitations of the biological perspective and hunger
1. Binge eating 2. Eating disorders 3. External factors
44
What are 3 external factors that affect eating?
1. Learned meal times 2. Tendency to eat more in social situation 3. Palatability
45
What are 2 parts of achievement motivation?
Intrinsic Motivation | Extrinsic Motivation
46
What are 3 factors of intrinsic?
1. sense of satisfaction 2. no reward beyond activity 3. Idea of 'flow'
47
What are 3 factors of extrinsic?
1. external rewards 2. Status, praise, money, title, property 3. Assoc with more pressure, tension
48
Can rewards influence intrinsic motivation?
Deci in 1971 said yes | Cameron & Pierce Meta-analysis said no
49
What is cognitive evaluation theory?
rewards can influence intrinsic motivation as long as it is informative (good job) and not controlling (money)
50
What is Self-Determination Theory?
``` Deci & Ryan 2002 says that for intrinsic motivation to occur there must be 1. Competence 2. Relatedness 3. Autonomy ```
51
What is nAch?
Need for Achievement
52
1. Activities that require planning 2. Individual responsibility for outcome 3. Clear performance feedback 4. Moderate difficulty or risk What does the above describe?
The 4 factors in High nAch?
53
Choose tasks that are too easy or overwhelmingly difficult. | What does this describe?
Low need for achievement
54
What are 2 areas of life that are positively linked to nAch
Choice of career | Performance at work
55
What are Maslow's 5 hierarchy of needs
1. physiological 2. Safety 3. Belongingness & love 4. Esteem 5. Self Actualisation
56
What are the 2 limitations of Maslow's Model
1. no explain how person can forego lower need to focus on higher 2. Physiological/safety needs vary on culture
57
What is ERG theory?
Existence, Relatedness and Growth
58
What are the 4 areas of motive conflict?
1. Approach - approach 2. Avoidance - avoidance 3. Approach - avoidance 4. Multiple approach-avoidance
59
What is approach-approach?
Conflict between 2 things you want to do
60
What is avoidance-avoidance?
conflict between to chores you hate but have to do
61
What is approach-avoidance?
Conflict between something you want to do but becomes difficult to now not so keen. eg assignment. want to avoid penalty.
62
What is multiple approach-avoidance?
Multiple situations like the assignment example

Introduction to Psychology (7 decks)

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