Motivation Flashcards
What is the name of the theory of motivation that focuses on how people explain the causes of their own successes and failures?
Attribution theory
Motivation that involves obtaining a sense of internalised satisfaction is?
Intrinsic motivation
A desire to contribute to my team to achieve a sense of accomplishment is called what?
Intrinsic motivation
A state of concentration and engagement that can be achieved when completing a task that challenges one’s skills is called what?
Flow
Is selflessness a part of Maslow’s theory?
No
If you feel like an outcast. What part of Maslow’s theory of needs are you not getting?
Belongingness & love needs
Which part of Alderfer’s ERG relates to Maslow’s needs of Physiological & Safety needs?
Existence
Students who demonstrate an earnest desire for increased knowledge and academic competence are said to have a?
Mastery-approach orientation
Scott is obsessed with his grades as he wants to get into a good college. What goal orientation is this?
Performance-approach orientation
Someone who is interested in continually developing and demonstrating higher capabilities describes someone who has a what?
A high need for achievement
The factors that influence the Initiation, Direction, Intensity, Persistence of behaviour Describes what?
Motivation
Food, water and sex are examples of what?
Psysiological factors of motivation
Perceptions of the world and what can/cannot be done
Describes what?
Cognitive factors of motivation
Influence of friends, family sociocultural forces.
These are an example of what?
Social factors of motivation
Anxiety, rage & sorrow are examples of what?
Emotional factors of motivation
What are 3 factors in Instinct Theory?
Unlearned - eg crawling
Uniform in expression
Universal in a species
What is the problem with instinct theory when it comes to humans?
It doesn’t allow for cultural differences
What is the basis of Yerkes-Dodson law
You need to have a moderate level of arousal/anxiety in order to perform well
Homeostasis, Need, Drive, Drive reducing behaviour What does this describe?
Drive reduction Theory
What are the 2 drives in Drive Reduction theory?
Primary drives & Secondary drives
Give some examples of primary drives
hungry, thirsty, sexually deprived
Give some examples of secondary drives
learned drives - go to work to get money to fulfil primary drives
a positive or negative environmental stimulus that can motivate behaviour.
What does this describe?
Incentive
To receive a positive stimulus for performing a behaviour rather than being driven by a primary need is called a what?
a reward
What is the difference between WANTING and LIKING?
Wanting = attraction Liking = evaluating
What is more powerful?
Wanting or Liking?
Wanting
According to Trivers theory on sexual motivation for males.
Is time, energy & risk in reproduction high or low?
Low
According to Trivers theory on sexual motivation for females.
Is time, energy & risk in reproduction high or low?
high
Is reproductive success in males maximised by more partners or partners willing to invest in offspring?
more partners
Do females look for more partners with youth or fewer partners with income?
Fewer partners with income
What did Dawkins mean when he referred to the Selfish Gene?
Genes drive behaviour as a means of ensuring their longevity across generations
What did Jones et al., mean when they referred to facial attractiveness?
Symmetry is an indicator of health and good genes
What are 2 types of Relatedness?
- Attachment motivation
2. Intimacy
What is attachment motivation?
Need to have closeness to another individual
What is intimacy?
Disclosure and mutual caring
What are 3 areas related to drive reduction & eating behaviour?
Stomach signals
Blood glucose - signal when hungry
Hypothalamus - signal when full - slow
What are the 3 factors in homeostasis & eating behaviour
- set point - individual energy consumptio
- feedback - peptide CCK-causes nausea
- Satiety mechanisms
What are the 2 parts of the hypothalamus?
Lateral and Ventromedial
What happens if lateral hypothalamus is damaged?
Reduced eating behaviour
What happens if the Ventromedial hypothalamus is damaged?
Diminished ability to want to stop eating
Sakurai et al., noted that we cannot confine the on/off switch to eating to the hypothalamus. What is also involved?
The brain stem and frontal lobe
Name 2 eating disorders
Anorexia Nervosa -
Bulimia Nervosa - binging & purging
What are the 3 limitations of the biological perspective and hunger
- Binge eating
- Eating disorders
- External factors
What are 3 external factors that affect eating?
- Learned meal times
- Tendency to eat more in social situation
- Palatability
What are 2 parts of achievement motivation?
Intrinsic Motivation
Extrinsic Motivation
What are 3 factors of intrinsic?
- sense of satisfaction
- no reward beyond activity
- Idea of ‘flow’
What are 3 factors of extrinsic?
- external rewards
- Status, praise, money, title, property
- Assoc with more pressure, tension
Can rewards influence intrinsic motivation?
Deci in 1971 said yes
Cameron & Pierce Meta-analysis said no
What is cognitive evaluation theory?
rewards can influence intrinsic motivation as long as it is informative (good job) and not controlling (money)
What is Self-Determination Theory?
Deci & Ryan 2002 says that for intrinsic motivation to occur there must be 1. Competence 2. Relatedness 3. Autonomy
What is nAch?
Need for Achievement
- Activities that require planning
- Individual responsibility for outcome
- Clear performance feedback
- Moderate difficulty or risk
What does the above describe?
The 4 factors in High nAch?
Choose tasks that are too easy or overwhelmingly difficult.
What does this describe?
Low need for achievement
What are 2 areas of life that are positively linked to nAch
Choice of career
Performance at work
What are Maslow’s 5 hierarchy of needs
- physiological
- Safety
- Belongingness & love
- Esteem
- Self Actualisation
What are the 2 limitations of Maslow’s Model
- no explain how person can forego lower need to focus on higher
- Physiological/safety needs vary on culture
What is ERG theory?
Existence, Relatedness and Growth
What are the 4 areas of motive conflict?
- Approach - approach
- Avoidance - avoidance
- Approach - avoidance
- Multiple approach-avoidance
What is approach-approach?
Conflict between 2 things you want to do
What is avoidance-avoidance?
conflict between to chores you hate but have to do
What is approach-avoidance?
Conflict between something you want to do but becomes difficult to now not so keen. eg assignment. want to avoid penalty.
What is multiple approach-avoidance?
Multiple situations like the assignment example
