Social Psych Final

Question 1

What is social psych?

Answer 1

study of how people’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by real or imagined presence of others

Question 2

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 2

• expecting someone to act in a certain way influences your behavior toward them, which then causes them to act in the expected way
• Ex: I was right about them

Question 3

Fundamental Attribution Error

Answer 3

• tendency to overestimate the role of personality in others’ behavior and underestimate the influence of the situation
• Ex: seeing someone act rudely and assuming they are an inherently rude person

Question 4

Basic motives

Answer 4

• hunger
• fear
• need for control
• rewards
• love
• need to feel good about ourselves
• need to be accurate

Question 5

Example of social influence

Answer 5

children acting better when parents are around

Question 6

advantages of using experiments in social psych

Answer 6

• high level of control
• better understanding of human behavior

Question 7

Research method for investigating causal relationships

Answer 7

experimental method

Question 8

Why researchers formulate theories

Answer 8

to guide research, provide direction, offer insights

Question 9

correlation does not equal causation

Answer 9

TRUE

Question 10

social perception

Answer 10

study of how we form impressions of and make inferences about others

Question 11

6 basic emotions

Answer 11

• anger
• sadness
• fear
• disgust
• happiness
• surprise

Question 12

independent view of self

Answer 12

defining oneself based on internal thoughts and feelings, not others

Question 13

interdependent view of self

Answer 13

defining oneself through relationships and how others influence behavior

Question 14

Increasing self control

Answer 14

• techniques: prayer, thought suppression, leaning into the struggle
• self control is a limited source

Question 15

Components of the self

Answer 15

self esteem, self-knowledge, self control, impression management

Question 16

Self-Esteem

Answer 16

how we feel about ourselves

Question 17

Self-Knowledge

Answer 17

understanding of who we are

Question 18

Self-Control

Answer 18

ability to manage our impulses

Question 19

Impression management

Answer 19

efforts to control how others perceive us

Question 20

Cognitive dissonance

Answer 20

mental discomfort when actions and beliefs are inconsistent

Question 21

Justification of effort

Answer 21

people increase their liking for things they worked hard to attain

Question 22

external justification

Answer 22

reasons outside of us for our behaviors

Question 23

internal justification

Answer 23

changing one’s beliefs to reduce discomfort

Question 24

Attitudes

Answer 24

evaluations of people, objects, and ideas

Question 25

Yale Attitude Change Approach

Answer 25

• the source: who delivers the message (expert, popular)?
• the message: the quality of the argument
• the audience: the nature of the audience (friendly or hostile)

Question 26

Conformity

Answer 26

changing one’s behavior due to the influence of others

Question 27

Definition of a group

Answer 27

2 or more people who interact and are interdependent, sharing goals and influencing each other

Question 28

reasons people join groups

Answer 28

to accomplish goals, feel a sense of belonging, and increase survival chances

Question 29

Group cohesiveness

Answer 29

the qualities that bind a group together and promote liking among its members

Question 30

Social facilitation

Answer 30

presence of others improves performance on simple tasks but worsens performance on complex tasks

Question 31

Social loafing

Answer 31

tendency to perform worse on simple tasks when individual performance is not evaluated

Question 32

Deindividuation

Answer 32

loss of self-awareness and normal constraints on behavior when people feel anonymous in a group

Question 33

Transformational leadership style

Answer 33

inspires followers to focus on long-term goals

Question 34

Transactional leadership style

Answer 34

focuses on maintaining smooth operations and efficiency

Question 35

Mere exposure effect

Answer 35

more often we encounter something, the more we tend to like it

Question 36

Similarity and attraction

Answer 36

similar interests, attitudes, and values increase attraction, perceived similarity in longer-term relationships is a strong predictor of attraction

Question 37

Reciprocal liking

Answer 37

we are more attracted to people who like us

Question 38

Physical attractiveness

Answer 38

both men and women rate physical appearance as an important factor in initial attraction

Question 39

Secure attachment style

Answer 39

trust, lack of concern with abandonment, healthy relationships

Question 40

avoidant attachment style

Answer 40

difficulty trusting and forming intimate relationships

Question 41

Anxious/Ambivalent attachment style

Answer 41

concern that others will not reciprocate intimacy

Question 42

Companionate Love

Answer 42

intimacy and affection without sexual passion

Question 43

Passionate Love

Answer 43

intense longing and physiological arousal

Question 44

Predictors of attraction in long-term relationships

Answer 44

relationship satisfaction, alternatives, and investments in the relationship