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PSYCH > Social Psych > Flashcards

Social Psych Flashcards

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1
Q

Solomon Asch

A

Conducted experiments with lines which proved that people will conform to a group even when the group is wrong.

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2
Q

Normative Social Influence

A

Conforming to others in order to be liked/accepted

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3
Q

Informative Social Influnce

A

Conforming to others in an ambiguous situation in order to behave “correctly”

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4
Q

Groupthink

A

People feel it’s more important to maintain a group’s cohesiveness than to realistically consider facts.

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5
Q

Group Polarization

A

People in a group tend to take more extreme positions on an issue than they would individually.

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6
Q

Social facilitation

A

When having a person present as someone else completes a task creates a positive influence on the task’s completion

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7
Q

Social impairment

A

When having a person present as someone else completes a task creates a negative influence on the task’s completion

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8
Q

Social loafing

A

Lazy people don’t work well on a task when others are also working on that task, but do work well on their own

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9
Q

Deindividuation

A

Losing a sense of personal identity when in a group

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10
Q

Compliance

A

People change their behavior as a result of others directing them to change (think foot-in-the-door/door-in-the-face)

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11
Q

Foot-in-the-door Technique

A

Asking fora small favor and then asking for a larger favor

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12
Q

Door-in-the-face Technique

A

Ask for something big, and then downgrade to something smaller/more reasonable

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13
Q

Lowball Technique

A

Once a commitment is made, the “cost” of the commitment is increased

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14
Q

Obedience

A

Changing one’s behavior at the direct order of an authority figure

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15
Q

Stanely Milgram

A

Experiment with administering dangerous shocks showed people’s willingness to obey

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16
Q

Social norms

A

How you are expected to act (can be something like a written law or more of a general expectation)

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17
Q

Attitude

A

Tendency to respond a certain way towards certain things

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18
Q

Three components to attitude

A

Affective (emotion), Behavior (action), Cognitive (thought)

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19
Q

Direct contact

A

Learning an attitude through interacting with the target of the attitude directly

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20
Q

Direct instruction

A

Learning an attitude because someone tells you a certain thing is good/bad

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21
Q

Interaction with others

A

Learning an attitude by being around people with that same attitude

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22
Q

Vicarious conditioning

A

Learning an attitude by observing someone else’s attitude

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23
Q

Persuasion

A

When someone tries to change someone else’s attitude through argument, pleading, or explanation

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24
Q

Components of persuasion

A

Source, message, target audience, and medium

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25
Q

Elaboration likelihood model of persuasion

A

People will either add details (elaborate) based on what they hear or won’t at all

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26
Q

Central-route processing

A

When you just take a persuasive message at face value

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27
Q

Peripheral-route processing

A

When you elaborate on a persuasive message based on peripheral cues and context

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28
Q

Cognitive dissonance

A

When people find themselves doing something that doesn’t match their attitude about themselves

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29
Q

Daryl Bem’s sef perception theory

A

People will look at their own behaviors and then form attitudes about themselves

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30
Q

Leon Festinger and James Carlsmith

A

Conducted a test with a boring task and found that students payed less to lie experienced more cognitive dissonance, and where therefore more convinced that they weren’t lying

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31
Q

Impression formation

A

Forming the first attitude one person has about another

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32
Q

Primacy effect

A

A first impression lasts

33
Q

Social catagorization

A

Assignment of a person to a particular category or group

34
Q

Stereotype

A

The belief that a set of characteristics is shared by all members of a social catagory

35
Q

Implicit personality theory

A

Sets of assumptions that people have about how different people, traits, and actions are related (happy people are also friendly people)

36
Q

Attribution

A

Explanation of the cause of behavior (nothing to do with accuracy)

37
Q

Attribution theory

A

Explains why people choose the particular explanations of behavior that they do

38
Q

Fritz Heider

A

Came up with the attribution theory

39
Q

Situational cause

A

Our behavior is caused by external factors

40
Q

Dispositional cause

A

Our behavior is caused by internal factors

41
Q

Fundamental attribution error (actor-observer bias)

A

We tend to explain our own behavior as situational and others’ behavior as dispositional

42
Q

Saliency bias

A

Tendency to make assumptions based off of what is noticable, causing “insiders” to have more details

43
Q

Self-serving bias

A

You tend to take credit for the good things you do and externalize what goes poorly

44
Q

Prejudice

A

When a person holds an unsupported attitude about the members of a social group

45
Q

Discrimination

A

When prejudicial attitudes cause members of a social group to be treated certain ways

46
Q

Ethnocentricism

A

Belief that your culture is above all others

47
Q

In-group

A

A group you identify with

48
Q

Out-group

A

A group you don’t identify with

49
Q

Scapegoat

A

Person/ group (frequently the out-group) who serves as a target for frustrations of the in-group

50
Q

Social cognitive theory

A

Prejudice is an attitude formed alongside other attitudes

51
Q

Realistic conflict theory

A

Prejudice is formed/strengthened when two groups are competing for reasources

52
Q

Social identity theory

A

Social catagorization, identification, and social comparison are the three processes responsible for the formation of a person’s social identity

53
Q

Stereotype vulnerability

A

The effect a person’s knowledge of another’s stereotyped opinions of themselves has on their own behavior

54
Q

Self-fufilling prophecy of stereotypes

A

People feel pressure to behave in ways that support their stereotype

55
Q

Stereotype threat

A

Members of a stereotyped group are wary in any situation in which their behavior could confirm a stereotype

56
Q

Intergroup contact

A

When people with different backgrounds interact with each other

57
Q

Equal status contact

A

When neither group has power over the other (Belmont vs. Lexington)

58
Q

Jigsaw classroom

A

Students must work together to achieve a goal where each student is dependent on the rest, creating a collaborative environment

59
Q

In-group favoritism

A

Favoring the group you belong to

60
Q

Out-group homogeneity

A

Believing all members of groups you don’t identify with are the same

61
Q

Just-world phenomenon

A

Tendency to believe that the world is a fair place, and therefore those who don’t succeed are bad people who deserve their misfortune

62
Q

Aggression

A

When one person tries to hurt another deliberately

63
Q

Frustration-aggression hypothesis

A

Concept of aggression as a response to frustration

64
Q

Konrad Lorenz

A

Saw aggression as an instinct to promote individual safety (but this can’t be true, since patterns of human aggression world wide are far too disimilar)

65
Q

Social learning theory for aggression

A

Theory that aggressive behavior is learned

66
Q

Craig Anderson

A

Found evidence of a positive correlation between exposure to violent video games and aggressive behavior

67
Q

Interpersonal attraction

A

Having the desire for a relationship with someone

68
Q

Things that impact attraction

A

PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS, proximity, similarity, and reciprocity

69
Q

Mere exposure effect

A

People like things more the more they are exposed to them

70
Q

Matching hypothesis

A

People of similar “levels” of attractiveness tend to pair up

71
Q

Sternberg’s components of love

A

Intimacy, Passion, and Commitment

72
Q

Rubin’s components of love

A

Intimacy, Caring, and Attachment

73
Q

Prosocial behavior

A

Behavior that is socially desirable and benefits others

74
Q

Altruism

A

Helping someone in danger without expecting a reward or guaranteed safety

75
Q

Bystander effect

A

The likelihood of a bystander to help someone decreases as the number of bystanders increases

76
Q

Bibb Latané and John Darley

A

Conducted experiments with smoke in a room to test the bystander effect

77
Q

Diffusion of responsibility

A

A person will take less responsibility for something if there are others around them sharing responsibility.

78
Q

Five decision points

A

Noticing, defining, taking responsibility, determining the course of action, and taking action

PSYCH (7 decks)

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