Personality Flashcards
Personality
The way each individual thinks, acts, and feels throughout life
Character
Value judgements made about a person’s ethical behavior
Temperament
Enduring characteristics with which a person is born
Who were the first people to discuss physiological roots of personality?
Empedocles and Hippocrates
Galen
Philosopher who believed personality was related to blood, black bile, yellow bile, and phlegm
Psychodynamic perspective on personality
Personality is created by the subconscious and by biological differences
Behaviorist perspective on personality
Focuses on the effect environment has on personality, interactions with others, and personal thought processes
Humanistic perspective on personality
Focuses on the role of each person’s conscious life experiences in personality development
Trait perspective
Focuses on the end result of personality, rather than on how personality itself is derived
Three parts of the mind (according to Freud)
Preconscious (memories), conscious (current awareness), and unconscious (hidden mind)
Three parts of personality (according to Freud)
Id, ego, and superego
Id
Unconscious desires. Made of pure nature and operates under the pleasure principle
Superego
Morals. Made of pure nuture and operates under the morality principle and the conscience
Ego
Manager. Maintains the balance between nature and nurture and operates under the reality principle
Psychological defense mechanisms
Dealing with anxiety from interactions between id/ego/superego by unconsciously distorting one’s perception of reality
Compensation
Emphasizing personal strengths in one area to shift focus from failure in another (you fail a test, so you start talking about how good you did in yesterday’s basketball game)
Denial
Refusing to accept an obvious situation because of the emotional pain it causes (this failed test can’t possibly be mine!)
Displacement
Taking out one’s anger or frustration on a person or object that isn’t the cause of the offense (breaking your pencil after failing the test)
Identification
Associating with people of higher status to increase your own status (freshmen in PAC)
Intellectualization
Describing painful events in abstract or academic terms (robotically going over the test with your teacher)
Projection
Assuming another person has/is responsible for your feelings (telling other students who also failed that they’re stupid)
Rationalization
Making logical excuses for illogical behaviors (I only failed because my teacher sucks)
Reaction formation
Replacing feelings that are unacceptable with feelings that are (facilitating a study group instead of giving up completely)
Regression
Reverting to childlike behavior to get attention (crying when you get back your failed test)