Social processes, attitudes and behavior

Question 1

Describes how an individuals behavior is/changes when others are around

Answer 1

Social action

Question 2

Describes the tendency for people to perform better while in the presence of others, as long as they’re within an acceptable level of arousal and the task is relatively easy for them to complete

Answer 2

Social facilitation

(Also includes elements of the Yerkes-Dodson law)

Question 3

Describes how anonymity or ability to relate to others allows people to form a larger identity with the group they’re in, because they feel less like an individual and more like a member of that group

Answer 3

Deindividualization

Question 4

Describes how individuals may put in less effort when they’re in a group setting

Answer 4

Social loafing

Question 5

Occurs when the individual faces rejection and alters their personality/actions in order to fit in more with others. Often occurs during peer pressure

Answer 5

Identity shift effect

Question 6

Describes how two or more individuals can shape each others behavior

Answer 6

Social interaction

Question 7

Occurs when decisions are more extreme as a group than they would be if individuals were making them

Answer 7

Group polarization

Question 8

Refers to the degree in which choices shift during group polarization

(change between the choice the individual would make and the choice the group makes)

Answer 8

Choice shift

Question 9

Occurs when people don’t want to cause discourse in a group, so they’re willing to overlook the consequences of bad/incorrect decisions in order to preserve harmony

Answer 9

Groupthink

Question 10

This factor of groupthink encourages risks or makes group members blind to how risky an action is

Answer 10

Illusion of invulnerability

Question 11

This factor of groupthink occurs when people ignore any conflicting ideas from group members because they don’t think anything is wrong with the group decisions or they try to justify group decisions unconditionally

Answer 11

Collective rationalization

Question 12

This factor of groupthink occurs when group members think their decisions are morally correct no matter what

Answer 12

Illusion of morality

Question 13

This factor of groupthink involves stereotyping those outside of the group

Answer 13

Excessive stereotyping

Question 14

This factor of groupthink pressures group members not to express their individual ideas that may go against the ideas of the group

Answer 14

Pressure for conformity

Question 15

This factor of groupthink involves individuals withholding their own opinions that may not conform to the groups opinions. This may happen because the individual’s afraid or because they don’t want to disrupt the group

Answer 15

Self-censorship

Question 16

This factor of groupthink is the illusory belief that all group members agree unanimously, even if that’s not actually true

Answer 16

Illusion of unamity

Question 17

This factor of groupthink involves individuals taking on roles in order to prevent people from expressing opposing ideas

Answer 17

Mindguards

Question 18

This type of socialization occurs in childhood when children learn normal behavior (mostly from parents/caregivers)

Answer 18

Primary socialization

Question 19

This type of socialization occurs when people learn normal behavior within a variety of groups (ex: act differently at school than in a sports team)

Answer 19

Secondary socialization

Question 20

This type of socialization occurs when people are getting ready for future roles

Answer 20

Anticipatory socialization

Question 21

This type of socialization occurs when old behaviors are discarded for new ones

Answer 21

Resocialization

Question 22

____ are the boundaries of acceptable behavior

Answer 22

Norms

Question 23

____ are the widely observed norms, while _____ describe the polite norms (like shaking hands)

Answer 23

Mores

Folkways

Question 24

This describes any part of society that’s important for learning norms and values. The most common examples are parents or family

Answer 24

Agents of socialization

Question 25

This describes extreme disapproval of a person or group

Answer 25

Social stigma

Question 26

This theory says labels can affect the way a person perceives themselves, as well as how others perceive them. The label can lead to behavioral changes as the person associates themselves more firmly with the label

Answer 26

Labeling theory

Question 27

Describes how deviance and criminal behavior, in particular, can be learned from interactions with others

Answer 27

Differential association theory

Question 28

Describes how social deviance is a natural reaction when there are disconnects between goals and social structure

Answer 28

Strain theory

Question 29

This type of conformity occurs when the person changes their behaviors to fit in with a group. It implies they are accepting of the groups ideas outwardly and inwardly

Answer 29

Internalization

(Interally they believe in the group)

Question 30

This type of conformity occurs when the person gives the outward appearance of accepting the groups ideas, but in actuality doesn’t believe in them (the outward appearance and internal self are different)

Answer 30

Identification

(Internal and external are different, so their identification differs)

Question 31

This type of conformity occurs when the person gives the outward appearance of accepting

Question 32

This component of attitude describes how a person feels towards something (ex: saying “I love action movies”)

Answer 32

Affective component

Question 33

This component of attitude pertains to how a person acts

Answer 33

Behavioral

Question 34

This component of attitude pertains to how the person thinks, particularly how they justify their actions and feelings towards things

Answer 34

Cognitive

Question 35

Attitude theory postulates there are 4 functions of attitude. What are they?

Answer 35

Knowledge- knowing others attitudes helps to predict how they’ll behave
Ego-expressive- helps communicate our self-identity
Adaptive- being able to express socially normal ideas leads to acceptance
Ego-defensive- Protects our self-esteem and justifies our actions