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MCAT Psychology/Sociology > Identity and personality > Flashcards

Identity and personality Flashcards

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1
Q

Someone who is androgynous has ___ levels of both masculine and feminine traits

A

High

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2
Q

How do ethnicity and nationality differ?

A

Ethnicity is the individuals personal association with a race or ethnic group

Nationality is based on borders and is not a chosen part of the identity

The two do not need to be related

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3
Q

______ is the name for situations that dictate which identity holds the most importance

A

Hierarchy of salience

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4
Q

This theory postulates we have three selves (the ought self, the actual self and the future self) and that discrepancies between these two selves leads to negative feelings

A

Self discrepancy theory

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5
Q

Psychosexual development:

Age: 0-1 year
Focus: the mouth and putting things in the mouth
Fixated adult: excessive dependency on others

A

Oral stage

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6
Q

Psychosexual development:

Age: 1-3 years
Focus: waste elimination/retention and toilet training
Fixated adult: Excessive cleanliness/sloppiness

A

Anal stage

(causes anal retentiveness in adults)

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7
Q

Psychosexual development:

Age: 3-5 years
Focus: identifying with the same sex parent in order to erase guilt. Establish sexual identity and gain moral reasoning
Fixated adult: Overly vain, exhibitionism and sexual aggression

A

Phallic stage

(Oedipus/electra conflict)

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8
Q

Psychosexual development:

Age: 5-until puberty
Focus: The libido is suppressed and no psychosexual development is made

A

Latency stage

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9
Q

Psychosexual development:

Age: From puberty-on
Focus: Healthy heterosexual relationships
Fixated adult: Fetishism, asexuality, homosexuality

A

Genital stage

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10
Q

Psychosocial development:

Age: 0-1 year
Good outcome: Learn trust is caregiver provides for their needs
Bad outcome: Mistrustful of others since care was not provided

A

Trust vs. mistrust

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11
Q

Psychosocial development:

Age: 1-3 years
Good outcome: learn control over the world and develop interests
Bad outcome: Self-doubt and external locus of control

A

Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

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12
Q

Psychosocial development:

Age: 3-6 years
Good outcome: Learn basic cause and effect, able to start and finish tasks for a purpose
Bad outcome: Fear of punishment, which leads to overcompensating or showing off, and undue restriction of actions

A

Initiative vs. guilt

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13
Q

Psychosocial development:

Age: 6-12 years
Good outcome: Learning about themselves, feelings of competency and comfort sharing intelligence
Bad outcome: Inadequacy and low self-esteem, inability to act competently

A

Industry vs. Inferiority

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14
Q

Psychosocial development:

Age: 12-20
Good outcome: Able to explore independence and societal role
Bad outcome: Identity confusion and shifting personality

A

Identity vs. role confusion

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15
Q

Psychosocial development:

Age: 20-40
Good outcome: Ability to create long-lasting bonds, commit to self and others goals, and form healthy, intimate relationships
Bad outcome: Withdrawal, superficial relationships, lack of commitment

A

Intimacy vs. Isolation

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16
Q

Psychosocial development:

Age: 40-65
Good outcome: Focused on contributing and advancing society
Bad outcome: Self-stagnation or lack of care for others

A

Generativity vs. Stagnation

17
Q

Psychosocial development:

Age: 65- on
Good outcome: Reflection, wisdom and readiness for death
Bad outcome: Bitterness, feelings of a wasted life, fear of death

A

Integrity vs. Despair

18
Q

Kohlberg’s moral reasoning:

Age: preadolescence
Emphasizes moral choice
Stage 1: Obedience (fear of punishment)
Stage 2: Self-interest (to gain rewards)

A

Preconventional

19
Q

Kohlberg’s moral reasoning:

Age: Adolescence to adulthood
Emphasizes ability to see in terms of forming relationships with others
Stage 3: Conformity (seeking approval)
Stage 4: Law and order (social order is of the highest importance)

A

Conventional

20
Q

Kohlberg’s moral reasoning:

Age: Adulthood
(Not always achieved)
Based on social mores that may conflict with laws
Stage 5: Social contract (moral rules ensure the greater good, reasoning is focused on individuals)
Stage 6: Universal human ethics (decisions are made for abstract principles)

A

Post-conventional

21
Q

Vgotsky’s idea that children are in the process of learning, so they develop better by doing things with someone more knowledgable

A

Zone of proximal development

22
Q

This theory allows you to think about how someone else’s mind works

A

Theory of mind

23
Q

According to this personality theory, unconscious states motivate actions and personality

A

Psychoanalytic theory

24
Q

Id, Ego and Superego

This portion controls the basic, primal instincts. It seeks immediate gratification

A

Id

25
Q

Id, Ego and Superego

This portion is the ultimate perfectionist and has pride for accomplishments and guilt for failures

A

Superego

26
Q

Id, Ego and Superego

This portion accounts for reality and acts as the mediator between the two extremes

A

Ego

27
Q

Occurs when you suppress urges by unconsciously transforming them into the opposite. This would occur in Stockholm syndrome

A

Reaction formation

28
Q

The term for turning unacceptable urges into acceptable ones

A

Sublimation

29
Q

According to Carl Jung, the ___ is the conscious mind

A

Ego

30
Q

According to Carl Jung, the unconscious mind is broken into these two categories:

A

The personal unconscious and the collective unconscious

31
Q

Developed by Jung, this part of the unconscious mind is made up of shared experiences for all people

A

Collective unconscious

32
Q

This archetype of personality is the one presented to the world

A

Persona

33
Q

This archetype of personality is the “female” side, meaning it’s associated with traditionally female roles, and is suppressed in men

A

Anima

34
Q

This archetype of personality is the “male” side, meaning it’s associated with traditionally male roles, and is suppressed in women

A

Animus

35
Q

What are the three dichotomies of personality?

A

Extraversion vs introversion
Sensing vs inuiting
Thinking vs feeling

MCAT Psychology/Sociology (10 decks)

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