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MCAT Psychology/Sociology > Biology and behavior > Flashcards

Biology and behavior Flashcards

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1
Q

This type of neuron transmits sensory information from receptors to the spinal cord to the brain

A

Afferent

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2
Q

This type of neuron transmits motor information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands

A

Efferent

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3
Q

This type of neuron is found between other neurons and is able to activate the reflexes before the brain is even consciously aware there was a stimulus

A

Interneurons

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4
Q

This branch of the peripheral nervous system controls sensory and motor neurons in the skin and joints, and can be controlled consciously

A

Somatic (S for self controlled)

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5
Q

This branch of the peripheral nervous system controls automatic functions, heart rate, respiration, digestion and glandular secretions

A

Autonomic (automatically happens)

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6
Q

This subset of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the physiologically changes that indicate the fight or flight response

A

Sympathetic

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7
Q

This subset of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the rest and digestion state

A

Parasympathetic

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8
Q

The ___brain is responsible for controlling vital survival functions such as balance, breathing and motor coordination

A

Hind

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9
Q

The ___brain is responsible for receiving sensory and motor information from the rest of the body

A

Mid

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10
Q

The ___brain is responsible for the complex processes that have the greatest influence on emotion and behavior

A

Fore

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11
Q

This part of the hindbrain regulates vitals like breathing, heartrate and digestion

A

Medulla oblongata

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12
Q

This part of the hindbrain controls the motor pathways between the cortex and medulla

A

Pons

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13
Q

This past of the hindbrain controls posture, balance and body movement

A

Cerebellum

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14
Q

In the midbrain, the ____ colliculus controls visual sensory input while the ___ colliculus controls auditory sensory input

A

Inferior

Superior

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15
Q

This part of the forebrain houses the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia and limbic system

A

Telencephalon

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16
Q

This part of the forebrain houses the thalamus, hypothalamus, posterior pituitary and pineal gland

A

Diencephalon

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17
Q

This part of the forebrain sorts and transmits all the sensory information except for smell

A

Thalamus

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18
Q

This part of the forebrain controls homeostasis function and emotional experience in high arousal states, as well as regulating some parts of the metabolism, endocrine function, temperature and water balance

A

Hypothalamus

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19
Q

This part of the hypothalamus is called the hunger center

A

Lateral hypothalamus

20
Q

This part of the hypothalamus tells you when it’s time to stop eating

A

Ventromedial (satiety center)

21
Q

This part of the hypothalamus controls sexual behavior, sleep and body temperature

A

Anterior

22
Q

This gland projects from the hypothalamus and releases hypothalamic hormones. It can release hormones, but cannot make its own

A

Posterior pituitary

23
Q

This gland in the forebrain secretes melatonin and is responsible for biological rythms

A

Pineal gland

24
Q

The limbic system is located in the forebrain and is responsible for ____ and ____

A

Emotion and memory

25
Q

The _____ are a group of structures that coordinate muscle movement from the cortex and relay information via the extrapyramidal system

A

Basal ganglia

26
Q

This part of the limbic system is known as the pleasure center

A

Septal nuclei

27
Q

This part of the limbic system controls defensive and aggressive behaviors

A

Amygdala

28
Q

This part of the limbic system controls learning and memory, and helps consolidate things to LT memory

A

Hippocampus

29
Q

This cortex connects to the frontal and parietal lobes and regulates impulse control and decision making

A

Anterior cingulate cortex

30
Q

The ___ are the bumps and the ____ are the folds of the cerebral cortex

A

Gyri

Sulci

31
Q

This lobe has two basic regions: the prefrontal that manages executive functions and the motor cortex that preforms rudimentary perceptual and motor tasks

A

Frontal lobe

32
Q

This lobe is to the rear of the frontal lobe and contains the somatosensory cortex (the destination for all incoming signals). It also controls spatial orientation, and manipulation and application of spatial skills

A

Parietal

33
Q

This lobe is at the bottom middle of the brain and contains the auditory cortex. It also controls some memory, emotion and language processing

A

Temporal lobe

34
Q

This lobe is at the very rear of the brain and contains the visual cortex. It also controls some motor control and learning implications

A

Occipital

35
Q

The dominant hemisphere is the one most heavily stimulated during ______ and is normally the left hemisphere

A

Language reception and production

36
Q

This neurotransmitter transmits nerve impulses to muscle, but has also been implicated in attention and arousal

A

Acetylcholine

37
Q

These neurotransmitter are catecholamines implicated in alert/wakefulness and fight or flight

A

Norepi and epinephrine

38
Q

This catecholamine is implicated in smooth movement, so it’s found in large amounts in the basal ganglia

A

Dopamine

39
Q

This monoamine regulates mood, eating, sleeping and dreaming

A

Serotonin

40
Q

This neurotransmitter stabilizes neural activity and hyperpolarizes the post synaptic membrane

A

GABA

41
Q

This neurotransmitter hyperpolarizes the postsynaptic neuron by increasing [Cl-]

A

Glycine

42
Q

This neurotransmitter is excitatory

A

Glutamate

43
Q

Endorphins are in a class of neuromodulators called ____ that take longer to work and are relatively slow

A

Peptides

44
Q

This gland is located at the base of the brain near the hypothalamus and is in two parts:

Anterior can regulate and produce its own hormones while posterior is only able to regulate hormones

A

Pituitary

45
Q

This gland is located at the top of the kidneys and comes in two parts:

Medulla releases the catecholamines while cortex produces the corticosteroids

A

Adrenal

46
Q

_____ occurs when the mesoderm encourages the ectoderm to fold in on itself, creating a tube that then matures into the nervous system. This also produces crest cells that migrate and become the PNS

A

Neuralation

MCAT Psychology/Sociology (10 decks)

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