Social Policy Flashcards
1944 Tripartite system
conservative
purpose was fair
Based on meritocracy (Durkheim)
Introduction of the 11+ exams
Shifting + sorting into different schools
1. grammar school - classics, highly academic.
2. secondary modern - normal secondary school
3. technical college - vocation, ‘hands on’
A03 for tripartite system
Tends to be upper class + girls in grammar schools. UC may buy way in.
Tends top be middle class, girls in secondary modern.
Tends to be lower class, boys in tec college - could link to connel and hegemonic masculinity: boys strong, do manual lab our, heterosexual, breadwinner so do more hands on jobs.
Bartlett
Cream skimming (best students)
Silt shifting (removing the worst students)
1965 Comprehensivisation
Labour
Abolished tripartite system
Catchment areas - area around school students will be accepted from
A03 for comprehensivisation
Grammar schools still a thing and 11+ exam widely used
Schools can pick catchment areas
Leech + Campos
selection by mortgage - people move to get into a better school
Gerwitz
parental school choosers
1. privileged skilled chooser (UC) - research, care about results + OFSTED
2. semi-skilled chooser (LMC/ULC) - choose schools based on word of mouth and visual
3. disconnected local chooser - catchment, sink schools ( no one wants to go to)
1970’s New vocationalism
Labour
NVQ’s - national vocational qualification
Quals - BTEC’s - T-levels - apprenticeships
predominately WC (role allocation, myth of meritocracy)
A03 new vocationalism
rely on job market + location
poverty - lower paying jobs
gender coded element, mainly males
1988 Education reform act
Conservatives (Thatcher)
. league tables
. OFSTED
. National curriculum
. Formula funding
. open enrolment/selection
League tables
country wide comparisons of GCSE grades
5 A*-C GCSE’s per student
maths, English, science had more weight
A03 - could lead to less interest in other subjects, hierarchy of subjects, depreciation of the arts
performances based pay for teachers
Gilbourn + Youdell
A*-C economy
hyper focus on GCSE grades creates an exam factory
Educational triage:
1. those who will pass anyway
2. C/D borderlines
3. hopeless cases
most attention placed on C/D borderlines to get them to do well.
Those in hopeless cases could lead to labelling (Becker) and SFP (Rosenthal + Jacobson)
OFSTED
regulatory body
inspections - appear randomly
. outstanding - no reinspection
. good - every 3-5 years
. satisfactory - every 3-5 years
. inadequate - forced academisation
A02 - Ruth Perry, Victoria Climbie - leading to every child matters 2004
National curriculum
To ensure that everyone has the same educational experience
- RE
- personal, social + health ed
A02 - section 28 (banned teaching of homosexuality) A03 - abolished in 2003
teaching a heteronormative curriculum - science, eng, sex ed, history
Formula funding
more students = more money
schools sell themselves and become commodities
A02 - open evenings, social media, adverts, parents evening, visits, transition days, websites, tours
A03 - benefits middle class parents + students
vicious cycle - poorer areas
Ball
parentocracy
parents are the customers
Open enrolment/selection
parents applied for schools - first choice
A02 - selection policies - selective of pupils
A03 - * top band - value added
performance based pay - if achieve expected then no value added, if achieved 1 grade above value added, if achieved more than 1 grade above lots of value added
1997-2010 New labour
old- unions workers rights, very left, Corbyn
new - centre, conservative-esque, Blair
Old labour
. EMA - education maintenance allowance, college students given £30 to attend. Increase in NEETS ( not in education, employment or trainee schemes)
. Sure start centres - form of compensatory education - additional education ( breakfast clubs, after school clubs), every child matters
. education action zones - excellence in cities, funding for LC gifted students, reduced class sizes
. introduce literacy and numeracy hour
New labour
. Introduced uni fees (2004) - £2000
. Brought in assessments
. kept a lot of education reform act
. introduced academies - don’t have to follow national curriculum, run like businesses with CEO’s, don’t need qualified teachers.
2010-2015 Coalition government
conservatives (Cameron)
Liberal democrats (Clegg)
uni fees increased to £9k per year - Russel, uni of + red brick increased, mets then also increased to get more money - GREED. led to student protests (riots) in 2010
- Micheal Gove
- introduction of free schools - ran by a business, charity, parents or teachers, e.g. Michaela, ‘strictest school in England’
Micheal Gove (education secretary)
. 9-1 grading system - introduction of A**
. created Linear A-levels
. changes in curriculum - ‘drag down’, create elite A-level qualifications
. pupil premium - approx £600 per students whose family were below a certain threshold
. British values
2020 Coronavirus Act
. lockdown - online teaching
. key worker children in school
. centre assessed grades
. teacher assessed grades
Coronavirus act A03
inequality of technology based on wealth - some students may have struggled to learn
testing + isolation disruptive
masks - make learning difficult for hard of hearing students
