Social Policy

Question 1

1944 Tripartite system

Answer 1

conservative
purpose was fair
Based on meritocracy (Durkheim)
Introduction of the 11+ exams
Shifting + sorting into different schools
1. grammar school - classics, highly academic.
2. secondary modern - normal secondary school
3. technical college - vocation, ‘hands on’

Question 2

A03 for tripartite system

Answer 2

Tends to be upper class + girls in grammar schools. UC may buy way in.
Tends top be middle class, girls in secondary modern.
Tends to be lower class, boys in tec college - could link to connel and hegemonic masculinity: boys strong, do manual lab our, heterosexual, breadwinner so do more hands on jobs.

Question 3

Bartlett

Answer 3

Cream skimming (best students)
Silt shifting (removing the worst students)

Question 4

1965 Comprehensivisation

Answer 4

Labour
Abolished tripartite system
Catchment areas - area around school students will be accepted from

Question 5

A03 for comprehensivisation

Answer 5

Grammar schools still a thing and 11+ exam widely used
Schools can pick catchment areas

Question 6

Leech + Campos

Answer 6

selection by mortgage - people move to get into a better school

Question 7

Gerwitz

Answer 7

parental school choosers
1. privileged skilled chooser (UC) - research, care about results + OFSTED
2. semi-skilled chooser (LMC/ULC) - choose schools based on word of mouth and visual
3. disconnected local chooser - catchment, sink schools ( no one wants to go to)

Question 8

1970’s New vocationalism

Answer 8

Labour
NVQ’s - national vocational qualification
Quals - BTEC’s - T-levels - apprenticeships
predominately WC (role allocation, myth of meritocracy)

Question 9

A03 new vocationalism

Answer 9

rely on job market + location
poverty - lower paying jobs
gender coded element, mainly males

Question 10

1988 Education reform act

Answer 10

Conservatives (Thatcher)
. league tables
. OFSTED
. National curriculum
. Formula funding
. open enrolment/selection

Question 11

League tables

Answer 11

country wide comparisons of GCSE grades
5 A*-C GCSE’s per student
maths, English, science had more weight
A03 - could lead to less interest in other subjects, hierarchy of subjects, depreciation of the arts
performances based pay for teachers

Question 12

Gilbourn + Youdell

Answer 12

A*-C economy
hyper focus on GCSE grades creates an exam factory
Educational triage:
1. those who will pass anyway
2. C/D borderlines
3. hopeless cases
most attention placed on C/D borderlines to get them to do well.
Those in hopeless cases could lead to labelling (Becker) and SFP (Rosenthal + Jacobson)

Question 13

OFSTED

Answer 13

regulatory body
inspections - appear randomly
. outstanding - no reinspection
. good - every 3-5 years
. satisfactory - every 3-5 years
. inadequate - forced academisation
A02 - Ruth Perry, Victoria Climbie - leading to every child matters 2004

Question 14

National curriculum

Answer 14

To ensure that everyone has the same educational experience
- RE
- personal, social + health ed
A02 - section 28 (banned teaching of homosexuality) A03 - abolished in 2003
teaching a heteronormative curriculum - science, eng, sex ed, history

Question 15

Formula funding

Answer 15

more students = more money
schools sell themselves and become commodities
A02 - open evenings, social media, adverts, parents evening, visits, transition days, websites, tours
A03 - benefits middle class parents + students
vicious cycle - poorer areas

Question 16

Ball

Answer 16

parentocracy
parents are the customers

Question 17

Open enrolment/selection

Answer 17

parents applied for schools - first choice
A02 - selection policies - selective of pupils
A03 - * top band - value added
performance based pay - if achieve expected then no value added, if achieved 1 grade above value added, if achieved more than 1 grade above lots of value added

Question 18

1997-2010 New labour

Answer 18

old- unions workers rights, very left, Corbyn
new - centre, conservative-esque, Blair

Question 19

Old labour

Answer 19

. EMA - education maintenance allowance, college students given £30 to attend. Increase in NEETS ( not in education, employment or trainee schemes)
. Sure start centres - form of compensatory education - additional education ( breakfast clubs, after school clubs), every child matters
. education action zones - excellence in cities, funding for LC gifted students, reduced class sizes
. introduce literacy and numeracy hour

Question 20

New labour

Answer 20

. Introduced uni fees (2004) - £2000
. Brought in assessments
. kept a lot of education reform act
. introduced academies - don’t have to follow national curriculum, run like businesses with CEO’s, don’t need qualified teachers.

Question 21

2010-2015 Coalition government

Answer 21

conservatives (Cameron)
Liberal democrats (Clegg)
uni fees increased to £9k per year - Russel, uni of + red brick increased, mets then also increased to get more money - GREED. led to student protests (riots) in 2010
- Micheal Gove
- introduction of free schools - ran by a business, charity, parents or teachers, e.g. Michaela, ‘strictest school in England’

Question 22

Micheal Gove (education secretary)

Answer 22

. 9-1 grading system - introduction of A**
. created Linear A-levels
. changes in curriculum - ‘drag down’, create elite A-level qualifications
. pupil premium - approx £600 per students whose family were below a certain threshold
. British values

Question 23

2020 Coronavirus Act

Answer 23

. lockdown - online teaching
. key worker children in school
. centre assessed grades
. teacher assessed grades

Question 24

Coronavirus act A03

Answer 24

inequality of technology based on wealth - some students may have struggled to learn
testing + isolation disruptive
masks - make learning difficult for hard of hearing students