Gender (internal)

Question 1

overview

Answer 1

. subject choices
. feminisation of education
. subcultures
. sexual identity
. teacher interaction + labelling
. hidden curriculum
. league tabes + selection policies
. assessment
. policy

Question 2

subject choices

Answer 2

girls will pick certain subjects - not STEM
female subjects = english, food, drama, art, health + social, childcare
male subjects = STEM, PE, business, IT, wood tech, apprenticeships
Davis + Moore - role allocation

Question 3

Feminisation of education - sewell

Answer 3

more women work in education - more female role models for girls, lack of male role models for boys
women seen as caring + nurturing
men seen as strict, authoritative, less caring
teaching suits motherhood: maternity, same school hours, holidays, flexible working hours

Question 4

Ringrose (subcultures)

Answer 4

subcultures + identity
girls have a balancing act of their identity
1. sexualised identity - girl who flirts, has relationships. If fulfils then called a ‘slut’ by the girls
2. friendship identity - girls girl, ‘hoes before bros’. If fulfils then called frigid by boys
no matter what they are treated negatively by either boys or girls
boys get symbolic capital from just being in a relationship
Some girls reject hyper sexual feminine identity - BOFFINS: asexual, academic, no friendships

Question 5

Archer (subcultures)

Answer 5

hyper sexual feminine identity - boy crazy
move away from ideal pupil

Question 6

Lacy (subcultures)

Answer 6

pro and anti-school subcultures

Question 7

Willis (subcultures)

Answer 7

Lads - WC, macho, labour heavy, WC mentality in education
Ear’oles - hardworking students

Question 8

Cohen (subcultures)

Answer 8

Alternative status hierarchy

Question 9

Pascoe (sexual identity)

Answer 9

‘dude, you’re a f-g’
homosexuality was used to police behaviour
if you didn’t fulfil the masculine ideals (sports, relationships,etc) would get bullied

Question 10

Stonewall (sexual identity)

Answer 10

‘that’s so gay’

Question 11

Francis (teacher interaction + labelling)

Answer 11

teachers less likely to see and label boys as ‘ideal pupil’
have lower expectations
more likely to label as disruptive

Question 12

Mitsos + Browne (teacher interaction + labelling)

Answer 12

teachers have lower expectations of boys
expect them to be late, rushed, untidy

Question 13

french (teacher interaction + labelling)

Answer 13

analysed classroom interaction and found that boys received more attention as they attracted more reprimands

Question 14

swann (teacher interaction + labelling)

Answer 14

gender differences in communication styles
. boys dominate in class discussions
girls prefer group/paired work and better at listening + cooperating

Question 15

hidden curriculum

Answer 15

subconscious gender division and treatment
everyone’s invited

Question 16

jackson (league tables + selection policies)

Answer 16

the introduction of league tables has improved opportunities for girls. high achieving girls attractive to schools, boys not.

Question 17

Slee (league tables + selection policies)

Answer 17

boys are less attractive to schools because they are more likely to suffer from behavioural difficulties.
4x more likely to be excluded

Question 18

Gorard (assessment)

Answer 18

gender gap in achievement is a ‘product of the changed system of assessment rather than any more general failing of boys’

Question 19

mitsos + browne (assessment)

Answer 19

believe girls are more successful at coursework as they are better organised

Question 20

Elwood (assessment)

Answer 20

argues that although coursework has some influence, it’s unlikely the only cause of the gender gap as exams have more influence on final grades

Question 21

Tripartite (policy)

Answer 21

girls less likely to attend tech schools, didn’t have access to some subjects in grammar schools

Question 22

comprehensivisation (policy)

Answer 22

setting + streaming benefited girls as they were seen as more capable

Question 23

education reform (policy)

Answer 23

science compulsory for girls, boys less attractive in competitive market

Question 24

equality act (policy)

Answer 24

prevents sex discrimination

Question 25

coronavirus act (policy)

Answer 25

girls work better at home