Social class: cultural (external)

Question 1

Berstein

Answer 1

speech codes
1. restricted codes (LC) - short sentences, closed questions + weaker vocab
2. elaborated codes (UC) - longer sentences, open questions + richer vocab

Question 2

Berater + Engleman

Answer 2

Lower class have fragmented language
gestures, slang or single words

Question 3

Douglass (language)

Answer 3

WC parents were less likely to read to their children

Question 4

Douglass (parental attitudes)

Answer 4

WC parents place less value on education
. less likely to encourage homework
. don’t monitor attendance
could be due to personal experiences
cycle of deprevation

Question 5

Berstein + Young

Answer 5

WC parents are less likely to buy educational toys
could be due to economic factors

Question 6

Fienstein

Answer 6

WC parents have a lack of interest/ lack of investment in education

Question 7

Socialisation

Answer 7

primary - (family) anti-education WC parents
secondary - (peers) anti-education WC peers

Question 8

Sugarman

Answer 8

subcultural reactions
1. collectivism - seek out similar values, form bonds, community
2. immediate gratification - money now, success now, immediate survival
3. present time orientation - right now
4. fatalism - whatever will be will be

Question 9

merton

Answer 9

strain theory
education is one of the biggest causes of strain
sold alongside the american dream: good grades = good job = success

Question 10

Cohen

Answer 10

alternative status heirarchy

Question 11

miller

Answer 11

focal concerns
1. smartness
2. toughness
3. autonomy
4. excitement
5. fate
6. trouble