Ethnicity (external)

Question 1

Overview

Answer 1

. cultural factors
. family structure
. language
. racism in wider society

Question 2

Crozier (cultural)

Answer 2

Pakistani and Bangladeshi parents ‘kept their distance’ from their children’s schools as they trusted the professionals to do their jobs

Question 3

Gerwitz (cultural)

Answer 3

found Asian parents made choices to avoid rough schools with a reputation for racism

Question 4

Scruton (cultural)

Answer 4

educational failure is the result of failure to embrace british culture

Question 5

Driver + Ballard (cultural)

Answer 5

Asian parents have higher aspirations for their children

Question 6

Strand (cultural)

Answer 6

Indian students were the pupils most likely to do 5 evenings a week of homework

Question 7

Abbott (cultural)

Answer 7

because of the lack of male role models at school and home it has perhaps impacted the development of a ‘gangster’ culture

Question 8

Francis + Archer (cultural)

Answer 8

found a high value is placed on education by chinese parents, coupled with a strong tradition of respect for one’s elders

Question 9

Bagguley + Hussain (cultural)

Answer 9

aspirations to higher education for Pakistani and Bangladeshi women were often complicated by cultural pressures

Question 10

Moynihan (family structure)

Answer 10

found many black families are headed by a lone mother, leading to lower achievement of black boys due to not having a male role model

Question 11

Sewell (family structure)

Answer 11

argues the problem isn’t the absence of the father but the lack of ‘tough love’ and discipline

Question 12

Lupton (family structure)

Answer 12

argues that the adult authority in Asian families is similar to the model that operates in school ( respectful towards adults)
parents more likely to be supportive of school behaviour policies

Question 13

A03 Driver (family structure)

Answer 13

criticises for ignoring the positive effects of ethnicity on achievement.
the black carribbean family could provide girls with positive role models of strong independent women

Question 14

Bereiter + Englemann (language)

Answer 14

state that black caribbean language is ungrammatical and disjointed
this means they cannot convey abstract ideas

Question 15

Bowker (language)

Answer 15

lack of standard english can lead to educational failure

Question 16

Swann report (language)

Answer 16

language not a major factor in underachievement.
Indian pupils do well despite often not speaking english at home

Question 17

Mirza + Gillbourn (language)

Answer 17

Indian pupils do very well despite not having english as their first language

Question 18

Pryce (racism in wider society)

Answer 18

Asians are higher achievers a they are more resistant to racism.
They have a greater sense of self worth
black caribbean cultures are less cohesive leading to low self-esteem and underachievement

Question 19

Wood (racism in wider society)

Answer 19

only 1/6 ethnic minority applicants were offered an interview against 1/9 applications

Question 20

Rex (racism in wider society)

Answer 20

shows how racial discrimination leads to social exclusion and this worsens poverty for ethnic minorities