Social Movements and Panoptic Regulation (FINAL)

Question 1

What are the three theories that seek to explain emergence and/or growth of social movements:

Answer 1

1. Relative deprivation theory
2. Resource mobilization theory
3. Frame alignment theory

Question 2

Relative deprivation theory argues:

Answer 2

Social rebellion occurs when an intolerable gap develops between social rewards people feel they deserve and social rewards they expect to receive (people with privileges vs people who feel they are not privileged and deserve those rewards)

Question 3

Relative deprivation theory claims that those who

Answer 3

lead and join social movements are likely to be “outsiders” who lack strong social ties to community

Large body of research has discredited both claims

Question 4

Why was relative deprivation theory developed?

Answer 4

To explain civil rights and feminist movements

Question 5

What is not explained by the relative deprivation theory?

Answer 5

Resource mobilization to become successful and why certain movements occur at certain times

Question 6

Resource-mobilization theory argues:

Answer 6

Social movements emerge only when disadvantaged people are able to gather the means necessary to challenge authority
- More resources = more successful at making claims

Question 7

Resource-mobilization theory focuses on:

Answer 7

The broad-social structural conditions that facilitate the emergence of social movements

Question 8

Success or failure of social movements depends largely on availability of

Answer 8

Resources: money, authority/experts, media, celebrities, emotions/ideologies

Question 9

What does resource-mobilization theory not consider?

Answer 9

Validity of claims

Question 10

Frame alignment theory stresses:

Answer 10

face-to-face interaction strategies employed by movement members to recruit non-members who are like-minded, apathetic, or even initially opposed to the movements’ goals

Smaller social movements are more successful when they align themselves with other movements/organizations who have similar goals/beliefs

Question 11

Frame alignment strategies include:

Answer 11

• Reaching out to other organizations thought to contain members sympathetic to movement’s cause
• Elevating importance of positive beliefs about the movement
• Stressing likelihood of the movement’s success

Question 12

The use of technology has impacted the formation and maintenance of

Answer 12

new social movements. Not as stable as previous social movements

Question 13

New claims made in new social movements are

Answer 13

global focused, especially about human rights or global citizen. This attracts the majority of the population rather than a select few.

Question 14

Power-Reflexive Theories: Knowledge is Power

Answer 14

Claims knowledge that emerges from locations of power become legitimized

Question 15

In a panoptical society, not only do we surveil others, we also

Answer 15

engage in self-surveillance

Question 16

Foucault’s discipline and surveillance

Answer 16

Power operates on us everywhere, always
Social control is distributed throughout society
- Discipline: ensures constant subjection and obedience
- Surveillance: the direct/indirect observation of conduct toward producing a desired outcome

Question 17

Panopticon

Answer 17

example of how power operates through disciplinary technology

• Architectural prison design that consists of a tower in the centre
• Allows prison guards to continuously watch the behaviour of prisoners from the power and the prisoners cannot see the guards
• Disciplined by mere possibility of being watched
• Can be used in factories, schools, military, hospitals, offices

Question 18

Governmentality

Answer 18

Conduct that emphasizes individual responsibility and de-emphasizes the connection between economic opportunity and social structural conditions
- Individuals have become more docile and self-regulating, learning to control their behaviour to fit the status quo