Claims-making, Social Movements, and Social Control (FINAL)

Question 1

Claims making

Answer 1

The news media depicting menacing events and populations in a manner that aligns with and promotes the interests of media owners, politicians, and other social elites

Question 2

Media logic

Answer 2

Practices of information distribution where a population of media resources hold the authority to frame and distribute information to audiences

Question 3

Deviance amplification

Answer 3

Numerous reports focusing on a social issue or perceived threat

Question 4

Claims-making involves:

Answer 4

• The creation of harm or injury
• Placing of responsibility on an individual or group
• Someone who has the power to have a social problem recognized
• Used as a control device
• The creation of a victim

Question 5

Given that the process for the social construction of all deviance and the claims that are made in that process take place in a similar fashion, it is necessary to also evaluate:

Answer 5

the content of the claims that are made in order to understand how power is used

Question 6

What is a social movement?

Answer 6

Organized activity that encourages or discourages social change

Question 7

What are the 5 types of social movements?

Answer 7

1. Alternative
2. Redemptive
3. Reformative
4. Revolutionary
5. Claims-making

Question 8

Alternative

Answer 8

Least threatening, limited change for a limited number of members
(harm is for a limited number of individuals)

Question 9

Redemptive

Answer 9

Selective focus, radical change

Question 10

Reformative

Answer 10

Limited social change that targets all members of society

Question 11

Revolutionary

Answer 11

Most severe, striving for basic transformation of society

Question 12

Claims-making: the process of

Answer 12

trying to convince public and public officials of the importance of joining a social movement to address a particular issue

Question 13

Claims-making and social movements

Answer 13

All talk is political, forwarding a desire account on how things reside in existence and how things should be.
By articulating the problem more and more in the public, the ideas around who are the victims, who are responsible for the trouble and what harm is being caused becomes more and more solidified in the minds of those who “by-in” to the claim

Question 14

For a claim to be heard as a valid claim:

Answer 14

it must draw upon a previous articulated code (harm, victim, offender, etc,)

Question 15

Pre-existing ideologies/code/values/beliefs in society used for claims-making are more successful because:

Answer 15

they make the claim more relatable to the public. This is seen in all claims-making.

Question 16

Moral panics and social movements build on claims of:

Answer 16

socially regressive activities with the intention of creating a threat

Question 17

Audiences identify with a crisis narrative on the basis of

Answer 17

their own prejudices and anxieties (consider role of media framing)

Question 18

With social media, the framing of the narrative has changed:

Answer 18

those who are traditionally less powerful can use social media as a claims-making tool = counter narrative, which allows us to rethink who are the victims/offenders/etc.

Question 19

Social movements come together over themes of topics rather than

Answer 19

other in-group/out-group dynamics

Question 20

What are the stages in social movements?

Answer 20

1. Emergence
2. Coalescence
3. Bureaucratization
4. Decline

Question 21

Emergence

Answer 21

Step 1: perception that something is wrong

Question 22

Coalescence

Answer 22

Step 2: defines itself (memorable name of movement), recruit members, and devises strategies and tactics

Question 23

Bureaucratization

Answer 23

Step 3: organizes rationally to get the job done (successful social movement groups are highly bureaucratized)

Question 24

Decline

Answer 24

Step 4: is the movement in need of regrouping, is it time for its demise, or can it find new goals?

Question 25

After the struggle for citizenship rights, what emerged?

Answer 25

“new social movements”

Question 26

Social movements are considered “new” in terms of:

Answer 26

• Their goals
• The people they attracted
• The global focus

Question 27

Functionalist Theories About Social Movements

Answer 27

Protests serve a social function

• Conflict increases social cohesion: the rebel, disconnected, plays a role that helps maintain the status quo
• Any conflict enhances social cohesion and group identity by creating a common cause for which people can fight
• Protests can also lead to economic mobilization and/or social change

Question 28

Symbolic Interactionist Theories About Social Movements

Answer 28

The use of language is important in framing social protests

The media has an important role to play in this process

• In times of protests, people use a specific language to talk about and legitimize their actions, minimizing the emotional impact
• The stereotyping of others is a common way of dehumanizing them, making them an easier victim.
• Specifically, words/labels almost always strip away the folk devil’s humanity

Question 29

Critical Theories About Social Movements

Answer 29

Protest, revolution, and terror occur when change can no longer be attained through discussion -> social quo is maintained, so social movements are pushed to emerge to ensure their claim/message is heard

Accordingly, groups/governments that try to prevent the expression of disagreement and conflict will often intensify those measures and produce more violent forms of politicking, including protest, rebellion, and even civil war

Question 30

Understanding victimization

Answer 30

Socially construct victims as helpless, being harmed, absolved of responsibility for what happened to them

Question 31

Collaborative accomplishment - acting out our social roles

Answer 31

We construct qualities and attributes to victims

Question 32

Victim ideology vs agent ideology

Answer 32

The idea that victims lack agency in their circumstances

Question 33

Organizations play a significant role in the construction of:

Answer 33

The characteristics of persons

Question 34

Ideology of victimization (Best)

Answer 34

Victimization comes with a victim ideology

Characteristics of a “perfect victim”

Question 35

What are the characteristics of a “perfect” victim?

Answer 35

• Victimization is widespread and consequential
• Relationships between the victim and victimizer are straightforward
• Victimization goes unrecognized
• Individuals must be taught to recognize their own victimization
• Claims of victimization must be respected
• The term victim has negative connotations

Question 36

What are the responses to victimization? (Best)

Answer 36

• Legal
• Medical
• Education
• Mass media
• Recovery

Question 37

Victimization at work

Answer 37

Victimization absolves persons of responsibility

Categorizing a person as a victim also instructs others to identify the sources of harm
- Troubles are typically described for the purpose of doing something about them

Many people also claim their own victimhood for self-preservation
- Victim assignments are always open-ended

Question 38

Our understanding of victimization should consider their:

Answer 38

political, organizational, and rhetorical dimensions

Question 39

First, victims must become absolved of all

Answer 39

responsibility for their position, second, their identity as a victim means that no other action is required of them

Victimization implies change is needed

Question 40

Altheide and Snow: Media logic

Answer 40

Media logic was developed to explain the institutionalized assemblage of organizational tactics, formatting codes, and framing techniques that influence how mass media construct representations of social reality

Question 41

No matter what the medium is, media logic assumes

Answer 41

A hierarchical structure to information selection, dissemination, and reception

Question 42

McRobbie and Thorton’s deconstruction of classical moral panic theory argues for:

Answer 42

revisions to the stages of moral panic and the social relations that support it

• Classic formulations characterize public responses to the onset of moral panic as uniform, predictable, and uncritical of their role in reinforcing the empowerment of social elites/authorities
• Need to account for the different ways in which group are involved in and response to the onset of panic
• Instead, they draw attention to media sources, diverse social relations, and the voices the engender narratives designed to resist the demonization of targeted groups

Question 43

McRobbie and Thorton aimed to

Answer 43

complicate the overly simplistic explanations for the construction of commercial media discourses
- This critique preceded advances in digital computing technologies

Question 44

Crisis narratives

Answer 44

Assume the form of socially regressive claims-making activities that are deployed with the intention of drawing attention to threating others

Question 45

The logic of digital mediation is continually reshaping how

Answer 45

crises are witness in, by, and through new traditional media

• # Ferguson highlights the changing ways that moral panics are mediated across digital networks
• Digital media provides an arena for counter-claims

Question 46

As the audience becomes accustomed to the participatory architecture of digital media, it is also getting used to

Answer 46

new ways of making, disseminating, receiving, and acting on claims.

Alternative framing strategies and oppositional narratives

Question 47

The networked participation that interactive digital media infrastructures require provides new

Answer 47

opportunities for ordinary people to circumvent the agenda-setting activities of elites, subvert the traditional gate-keeping role of mass media, and articulate a wide range of grievances against insult and injustice