Social Interaction and communication Flashcards
what is tactical deception
acts from the normal repertoire of an individual in with another individual is likely to misinterpret what the act signifies to the advantage of the actor
hierarchical organisation of behaviour
1) social interaction
2) social relationships
3) social structure
what is social interaction
a behavioural exchange between two or more individuals. it can involve a single or multiple exchanges
social challenges
cooperative and being competitive at the same time
having multiple partners
outsmarting the dominant for food …
subordinate can see two pieces of food and the dominant can only see one
the subordinate will choose the hidden piece of food
this is the same for crows and rhesus monkeys
outsmarting: is it evolution?
the species that are good at outsmarting dominants are not closely related and therefore must be convergent evolution, having faced similar ecological and social challenges
do chimps have theory of mind?
chimps remember what the competitor had seen in the past and without seeing the competitor but knowing it is there
chimps can tell if someone has false beliefs
are chimps ToM really judging mental states or is it part of their behavioral rules?
chimps with their back turned and another goes round infront to get attention … is this because they know that the other chimp can’t see them or is it because its a behavioural rule tp move round the front
want can chimps do in terms of ToM?
they know what others can and cannot see
they can distinguish between unwilling and unable actors
and they know what they have seen
Orangutans and social manipulation
physically manipulate others bodies, exploits
what is ontogenetic ritualisation?
repeated interactions that form into a gesture and its pair specific, it shows flexibility
what is phylogenetic ritualisation?
actions or cues that are modified into signals
these are species specific and show stability
what are the flexible and inflexible actions of chimps?
vocalisations are inflexible
facial expressions are also inflexible
gestures however are flexible and context dependent
taking the chimp beyond its natural repertoire of gestures
natural gestures have a restricted reference that is only ‘here and now’
artificial gestures (sign language) allows the chimp to go beyond referencing just the here and now
can language enhance the apes mind?
analogical reasoning, rewards and understanding intentions were all improved
language allows them to express internal state but they do not seem to create them
