Language Flashcards
processes involved in speech production
semantic level, syntactic level, morphological level and phonological level
errors can occur to speech production due to brain damage …
broca’s aphasia
wernickes aphasia
how does language develop?
initially infants are sensitive to both sounds in all languages
what is the critical period for neural consolidation of speech sounds
10 months of age find’s children’s sensitivity to non-native speech decreases
acquisition of words in infants occurs..
between 1 year and 18 months an infant will speak their first word, vocabulary builds from there
children use morphemes to construct (in - come - ing)
does language comprehension precede language production?
Golmkoff
pre-speech infant sits on a mothers lap and hears an audio clip, only one of the two screens infant have an image matching the audio. the infant directed attention towards the correct image
emergence of grammar
seen in the way young children imitate adult utterances
does a child acquire pivot words (my) or open words faster?
learns lots of open words quickly and these can go i multiple locations in a sentence
pivot words can only go in specific places
key processes in writing
1) planning process
2) sentence-generation
3) the revision process
what happens when you plan what to write?
writing plans rely on different kinds of knowledge
conceptual knowledge, socio-cultural knowledge and metacognitive knowledge
sentence generation in writing ..
the gap between writing planning and actually writing the sentence is usually quite large
Alzheimer’s disease and writing
longitudinal analysis of agatha christie should a sharp decrease in vocabulary size and an increase in repetitions
writing expertise ..
planning is important, the writer moves from knowledge-telling to knowledge-transforming, capturing the important themes and making new connections
writing experts focus on the reader and knowledge-crafting …
focus on the readers need and crating the knowledge so that the reader is able to make sense of the text
how do you develop expertise?
getting writers to read as the reader and by getting feedback
procedural facilitation: after each sentence the writer evaluates what they have written
what is kellogg’s working memory theory for writing?
all main writing processes depending on the memory’s central executive
WM allows us to identify if info is relevant and therefore essay quality in children is predicated by working memory
evaluation of the working memory theory of writing
strengths- writing relies heavily on WM
limitations - the way in which working memory components interact with writing
Goldberg and Rapp’s two-route model of spelling
there are two routes between hearing a word and spelling it, these are the lexical route and the non-lexical route
these two route use the graphemic buffer
the lexical route for spelling (two-route model) …
phonological dysgraphic have no issues spelling familiar words only non-familiar words, therefore their lexical route for speaking is no impaired
the non-lexical route for spelling ..
surface dysgraphic have some success in generating appropriate spellings of nonwords, more accurate at spelling regular than irregular words
and therefore the non-lexical route for spelling is not impaired
how many orthographic lexicons are there?
the orthographic lexicon contains knowledge of word spellings, evidence suggests that there is only one
as patients with damage show reading difficulties, spelling difficulty and writing difficulties
same brain areas activated in reading and spelling
(mid-fusiform gyrus and the inferior frontal gyrus)
