Language

Question 1

processes involved in speech production

Answer 1

semantic level, syntactic level, morphological level and phonological level

Question 2

errors can occur to speech production due to brain damage …

Answer 2

broca’s aphasia

wernickes aphasia

Question 3

how does language develop?

Answer 3

initially infants are sensitive to both sounds in all languages

Question 4

what is the critical period for neural consolidation of speech sounds

Answer 4

10 months of age find’s children’s sensitivity to non-native speech decreases

Question 5

acquisition of words in infants occurs..

Answer 5

between 1 year and 18 months an infant will speak their first word, vocabulary builds from there

children use morphemes to construct (in - come - ing)

Question 6

does language comprehension precede language production?

Answer 6

Golmkoff

pre-speech infant sits on a mothers lap and hears an audio clip, only one of the two screens infant have an image matching the audio. the infant directed attention towards the correct image

Question 7

emergence of grammar

Answer 7

seen in the way young children imitate adult utterances

Question 8

does a child acquire pivot words (my) or open words faster?

Answer 8

learns lots of open words quickly and these can go i multiple locations in a sentence

pivot words can only go in specific places

Question 9

key processes in writing

Answer 9

1) planning process
2) sentence-generation
3) the revision process

Question 10

what happens when you plan what to write?

Answer 10

writing plans rely on different kinds of knowledge

conceptual knowledge, socio-cultural knowledge and metacognitive knowledge

Question 11

sentence generation in writing ..

Answer 11

the gap between writing planning and actually writing the sentence is usually quite large

Question 12

Alzheimer’s disease and writing

Answer 12

longitudinal analysis of agatha christie should a sharp decrease in vocabulary size and an increase in repetitions

Question 13

writing expertise ..

Answer 13

planning is important, the writer moves from knowledge-telling to knowledge-transforming, capturing the important themes and making new connections

Question 14

writing experts focus on the reader and knowledge-crafting …

Answer 14

focus on the readers need and crating the knowledge so that the reader is able to make sense of the text

Question 15

how do you develop expertise?

Answer 15

getting writers to read as the reader and by getting feedback
procedural facilitation: after each sentence the writer evaluates what they have written

Question 16

what is kellogg’s working memory theory for writing?

Answer 16

all main writing processes depending on the memory’s central executive
WM allows us to identify if info is relevant and therefore essay quality in children is predicated by working memory

Question 17

evaluation of the working memory theory of writing

Answer 17

strengths- writing relies heavily on WM

limitations - the way in which working memory components interact with writing

Question 18

Goldberg and Rapp’s two-route model of spelling

Answer 18

there are two routes between hearing a word and spelling it, these are the lexical route and the non-lexical route

these two route use the graphemic buffer

Question 19

the lexical route for spelling (two-route model) …

Answer 19

phonological dysgraphic have no issues spelling familiar words only non-familiar words, therefore their lexical route for speaking is no impaired

Question 20

the non-lexical route for spelling ..

Answer 20

surface dysgraphic have some success in generating appropriate spellings of nonwords, more accurate at spelling regular than irregular words
and therefore the non-lexical route for spelling is not impaired

Question 21

how many orthographic lexicons are there?

Answer 21

the orthographic lexicon contains knowledge of word spellings, evidence suggests that there is only one

as patients with damage show reading difficulties, spelling difficulty and writing difficulties

same brain areas activated in reading and spelling

(mid-fusiform gyrus and the inferior frontal gyrus)