Aggression and Conflict resolution

Question 1

what does conflict escalation lead to ?

Answer 1

aggression

Question 2

what does conflict de-escalation lead to?

Answer 2

affiliation

Question 3

what is aggression?

comparative

Answer 3

a suite of behaviours allowing an individual to convey strength to or physically defeat a conspecifc

goal to minimize energy expenditure

Question 4

minimising energy expenditure ..

Answer 4

dominance hierarchies

signals (advertising intentions)

Question 5

what is a dominance hierarchy?

Answer 5

a type of social relationship that ranks individuals in terms of their access to resources (dominant having more access)

Question 6

how is rank acquisition decided?

Answer 6

by interaction: contest fought and won/ fighting ability

by observation: outcome of third party contests

Question 7

relationship between sociality and inference

Answer 7

species with more individuals and large social groups are better t transitive inference (finding a connection and relationship between objects/indivduals)

Question 8

neural evidence for transitive inference is species

Answer 8

hippocampus is larger a long with PFC and IPS

Question 9

what are signals and displays?

Answer 9

they are a form of communication that advertising fighting ability and mate reproductive quality

(honest signals)

example include: ornaments, vocalisations, weaponry and body checking

Question 10

what does a larger throat patch mean in sparrows

Answer 10

higher dominance rank

larger territories

higher testosterone levels

Question 11

hormonal regulation of aggression and conflict resolution

Answer 11

steroids: testosterone and progesterone increase aggression
nonapeptide: oxytocin regulates prosocial behaviour
serotonin: modulates aggression, in vertebrates it decreases it and in invertebrates in increases it

Question 12

what is conflict resolution?

Answer 12

the outcome of actions that eliminate the incompatibility of goals and interests of conflicting individuals

Question 13

what are pre-conflict mechanisms of resolution?

Answer 13

dispersion or a signal of appeasement

Question 14

what are post-conflict mechanisms of resolution?

Answer 14

reconciliation and the triadic conflict resolution

Question 15

what is reconciliation?

Answer 15

an exchange of affiliative behaviours between two former rivals

(seen mainly in low degrees of dominance asymmetry)

Question 16

what is triadic reconciliation?

Answer 16

seen in macaques

stumptail: b’s relative will reconcile with a
longtail: a will reconcile with b’s relative
japanese: b’s relative will reconcile with a’s relative