Extracting and processing food Flashcards
what is extractive foraging?
tool use
what is tool use?
the external employment of an unattached object to alter more efficiently the position and condition of another object
the user most directly manipulate the tool during or prior to use
Two features of cladistics
completeness (AB is better than AD)
extensiveness (ABCD better than AB)
routes to similarity in evolution
homology - common descent
homoplasy - convergent evolution
what species can use tools?
all apes can flexibly use tools and macaque monkeys
what are adaptive specialisations
traits that are tailored to the current ecological niche occupies by a species
(local adaptations)
What is problem-solving in comparative psychology
overcoming some obstacle to achieve a goal when the entire solution is neither in the species repertoire nor socially learned
Trial and Error: a types of problem solving (comparative psychology)
trial and error: the gradual acquisition of a new response following a series of varied attempts. response that are successful increase over time
Insight: a type of problem solving (comparative)
the sudden production of a new adaptive response not arrived at by trial behaviour
Reasoning: a type of problem solving
combining perceived with imagined events or associating patio-temporally separate events
what is planning?
the cognitive process that evaluates and selects a sequence of thoughts or actions to achieve a desired goal
planning is associated with the mid-dorsolateral frontal cortex
and injury to the portico-striatal pathways disrupts planning
what is innovation?
the invention of new behaviour pattern or the modification of a previously learned one in a novel context
relationship between brain size and innovation
measured the executive brain ratio against innovation, social learning and tool-use
was a relationship between innovation and also social learning
what is functional fixedness?
blockage that occurs in a problem solving situation due to existing function of some of the elements of the task
evidence for functional fixedness …
prior experience group use the straw to drink but the no experience group only explore it. later they are tasked to poke out food, only the one with no experience can
