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Social influence Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of conformity?

A

The tendency for a person to change their behaviour or beliefs in response to pressure from others in a group

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2
Q

What are the three types of conformity?

A

Compliance
Identification
Internalisation

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3
Q

‘Changing public but not private behaviour to match those of the group. It is a short term change’

A

Compliance

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4
Q

‘When an individual changes their public views and behaviours to match those of a group because they wish to be a part of it.’

A

Identification

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5
Q

‘Changing public and private views and behaviour to match those of a group’. Has genuinely changed their mind.’

A

Internalisation

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6
Q

What research supports conformity?

A

Asch (1951;1956)

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7
Q

Changing opinion or behaviour due to the belief a person or group has superior knowledge is referred to as what? What research supports this?

A

Informational Social Influence
Lucas et al:
- When problems became harder conformity rose

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8
Q

Changing opinion or behaviour because of the need to be accepted is referred to as what? What research supports this?

A

Normative social influence
Asch:
- Participants conformed to avoid disapproval

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9
Q

What was the aim of zimbardo et al (1973)

A

To investigate the extent to which people would conform to the roles of guard and prisoner in a role playing simulation of prison life.

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10
Q

Define Obedience

A

The following of orders from someone of a higher authority

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11
Q

How many students were involved with zimbardo and how were they recruited?

A

21 Students

Recruited through a newspaper article (volunteer sampling)

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12
Q

What makes the zimbardo study Androcentric?

A

The study only included males and was therefore unrepresentative of the wider population

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13
Q

Why does zimbardo lack temporal validity?

A

The era (1973) that he study took place in may have meant that there were higher levels of conformity to the social roles. Not consistent over time.

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14
Q

If a study has standardised procedures, it is referred to as having what?

A

High reliability

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15
Q

What was the real aim of Milgram?

A

To see if people would obey the orders of an authority figure, even if there was fatal consequences

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16
Q

Name some qualitative data showing the results of milgram

A
  • Participants looked uncomfortable and under strain
  • Some were sweaty or had seizures
  • Some showed nervous laughter
  • Many hesitant when pressing switches
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17
Q

Name some quantitative data showing the results of milgram

A
  • 100% of participants gave 300V
  • 35% stopped before administering 450V
  • 65% administered maximum voltage (450V)
18
Q

What was the conclusion of milgram?

A

Milgram concluded participants would obey the orders of an authority figure as participants administered shocks when ordered to by the authority figure.

19
Q

Define the Agentic State:

A

The individual gives up their free will and no longer as acting independently. They believe they are acting merely as an agent implementing someone else’s decision.

20
Q

Define the autonomous state:

A

When we are aware of consequences and responsibilities of actions and act and think as an independent individual, guided by our own conscience.

21
Q

Explain how in an agentic state, you are diffused of responsibilities

A

We no longer feel we are responsible for our actions as we are ‘following orders’ and only behave this way because an authority figure told us to do so.

22
Q

What is the term for feeling uncomfortable as a consequence of going against your own conscious and doing something you know to be wrong.

A

Moral Strain

23
Q

Give two examples of Psychological defence mechanisms:

A

Repression
Denial

24
Q

What is socialisation?

A

The process through which individuals learn the norms and values of society, leading to cohesion and a functional society

25
Q

What term describes the ranking of member in social groups based on power influence or dominance they exhibit.

A

Social Hierarchy

26
Q

What study supports the recognition of legitimate authority and what effects did it have?

A

Bichmans (1974)
76% pick up litter when asked by ‘security guard’
30% pick up litter when asked to by ‘pedestrian’

27
Q

What did Adorno (1950) find?

A

‘Might is Right’
Those with authoritarian personalities often have insecurities that lead to them being hostile to unconventional people. They feel the need for power and toughness so are highly obedient to authority figures

28
Q

How might a person’s upbringing cause an authoritarian personality?

A
  • If they were punished constantly for minor reasons
  • If their parents had rigid and absolute ideologies and values about society
29
Q

What percentage of people never conformed in Asch?

A

25%

30
Q

What did Asch’s variation find relating to unanimity?

A

When unanimity was broken, conformity fell to 5.5

31
Q

What were the findings of Milgram’s variation, ‘the disobedient stooge’?

A

When participants had two fellow teachers who refused to administer beyond 150/210V, only 15% administered max shock of 450V.

32
Q

A person with a high internal locus of control believes…

A

They are responsible for what happens to them due to their own choices and decisions

33
Q

A person with a high external locus of control believes…

A

What happens to them is due to luck fate or other uncontrollable outside forces and they have no impact on this.

34
Q

What is a situational factor of RSI

A

Social Support

35
Q

What is a dispositional factor of RSI

A

Internal Locus of Control

36
Q

What do those with a high internal locus of control believe?

A

That they are responsible for a large amount of what happens to them due to their own choices and decisions

37
Q

What do those with a high external locus of control believe?

A

That luck/fate decide the majority of things that happen to them and that they do not have control over this

38
Q

What research supports LOC as an explanation for conformity

A

Spector
Found that in 157 students, those who had a high external locus of control were more easily persuaded than those with a high internal locus of control

39
Q

What is minority influence?

A

Social influence that motivates individuals to reject established majority group norms

40
Q

Why is consistency important to minority influence?
What research supports this?

A

Being consistent and unchanging in views as a minority is more likely to influence majority than wavering views
Moscovi (1969)

41
Q

Why is commitment important to minority influence?
What causes demonstrate this?

A

Showing commitment by performing extreme activities draws attention to cause
Just stop oil, fathers for justice

42
Q
A

Psychology (5 decks)

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