Issues and Debates Flashcards
Hearing voices is SZ sign in western culture but in Costa Rican culture it is Spirits talking to individual
Malgady (1987)
US Army IQ test - showed immigrants had lower intelligence than
born Americans due to nature of the quiz
Yerkes (1931)
Replication of Asch in Innuits and Temne people ; showed findings are not universally applicable due to the different styles of living
Berry (1969)
Case study: Shows that implications of genetic causes in Criminal court system could be used as an alibi for crimes such as shootings
Stephen Mobley (1994)
Adolescents with strong belief of fatalism (lives completely determined by factors out of their control) at significantly greater risk of depression.
Individuals with high internal locus of control tend to be mentally healthier
Roberts (2000): suggests importance of Free will for mental health
Brain activity found that there is brain activity up to 10 seconds before pts reported being consciously aware of making decision. Showing cognitive process prior to decision making
Chun Siong Soon (2008)
Twin study showing that establishment for cause and effect can lead to possible treatments for OCD. But as concordance is not 100%, reductionism would lead to an incomplete explanation
Nedstadt
17 different studies showing significant improvement after SSRIs for OCD
Soomro (Supporting Reductionism)
Phobia of rats introduced into child and then removed - simplifying behaviour into stimulus response.
Little Albert (Supporting Reductionism)
Takes into account each individual situation and can be adjusted to bring happiness in each person
However cannot be explicitly measured through definition like you could statistical infrequency - discounts biological pre dispositions.
Jahoda’ 6 elements for optimum living
Taxi Driver study: Drivers had significantly more grey matter in posterior hippocampus than control group (suggesting biological cause)
Those on the job longer had more grey matter (suggesting environmental influences)
Maguire (2000) - Supporting interactionism
Freud’s case study is an idiographic approach that demonstrates why a behaviour occurs due to the depth and insight from a smaller sample.
Little Hans (1909)
Support for Interactionist approach:
Nomothetic approach should be used first to create generalised laws and then focus should switch to idiographic approach.
Millon & Davis (1996)
Nomothetic approaches have broader practical applications such as
Using general laws to create general treatments such as SSRI’s can help to alleviate symptoms of depression in all people
Socially sensitivity should be considered before it begins, so that it does not lead to particularly harmful stereotypes. Such as:
SZG mother, Consequences of yerkes army iq test
Psychologists have social responsibility to conduct socially sensitive research
Aronson (1999)
Socially sensitive research can challenge prejudices. Such as:
Research on LGBTQ community could challenge misconceptions and raise awareness and discrimination
