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Psychology > Social Influence > Flashcards

Social Influence Flashcards

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1
Q

Define conformity

A

Change in a persons behaviour or opinions due to pressure from a person or a group

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2
Q

What was Asch’s research into conformity?

A

groups were told to choose the longest line out of a choice of three. The group was rigged to give obviously wrong answers

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3
Q

What were the three variables of conformity investigated by Asch?

A

Group size
Task difficulty
Unanimity

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4
Q

What were the three variables of conformity investigated by Asch?

A

Group size
Task difficulty
Unanimity

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5
Q

What are the three types of conformity?

A

Internalisation
Identification
Compliance

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6
Q

What is internalisation?

A

deep type of conformity where we take on the majority view through a belief that it is true

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7
Q

What is identification?

A

When we act in the same way as a group due to wanting to be a part of it

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8
Q

What is compliance?

A

Simply going along with the majority view but privately disagreeing

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9
Q

What are the two main reason people conform?

A

To be liked and to be correct

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10
Q

What is informative social influence?

A

When we agree with the majority because we believe the view is correct

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11
Q

What is normative social influence?

A

When we agree with the majority because we want to gain social approval

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12
Q

What was Zimbardo researching?

A

Conformity into social roles

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13
Q

Outline the Stanford prison experiment

A

21 male university students volunteered to spend two weeks in a mock prison in the basement of their university. They were split between guards and Prisoners experiment ended after 6 days

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14
Q

What were Zimbardo’s findings?

A

Both guards and prisoners conformed to their allocated roles and acted in stereotypical ways

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15
Q

What are two issues with Zimbardo’s study?

A

Participants rights were violated (some were verbally abused and others went on hunger strike)
PPs may have been simply role playing instead of conforming

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16
Q

What is Obedience?

A

When a person follows a direct order

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17
Q

What was Milgram’s research into obedience?

A

40 American PPs played the role of a teacher and had to ask questions to a confederate called Mr Wallace, If Mr Wallace got the question wrong the PPs would have to shock him

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18
Q

What % of participants shocked Mr Wallace up until 450 volts?

A

65%

19
Q

How did Milgram’s experiment specifically effect three participants?

A

Three participants had seizures in response to shocking Mr Wallace

20
Q

What are the three situational variables regarding obedience?

A

Proximity
Location
Uniform

21
Q

What are the two situational explanations of obedience?

A

Agentic state
Legitimacy of authority

22
Q

Define agentic state

A

Mental state where we feel no personal responsibility for our actions

23
Q

Define Legitimacy of authority

A

We are more likely to be obedient towards those who we perceive as having authority over us

24
Q

How did Milgram’s study show destructive authority?

A

The experimenter prompted participants to issue shocks when they did not want to

25
Q

Define dispositional explanation

A

Explanations into behaviour that emphasises the importance of the individuals personality

26
Q

What is the dispositional explanation into obedience?

A

Authoritarian personality

27
Q

What real world event lead to the study of both Milgram and Adorno?

A

The Holocaust

28
Q

What are the features of an authoritarian personality?

A

Respect for higher ups and disrespect for those below

29
Q

What causes an authoritarian personality?

A

Strict upbringings with harsh discipline causing the child to displace fear onto those below them

30
Q

What scale did Adorno create that can measure the authoritarian personality?

A

The tendency towards Fascism scale (the f-scale)

31
Q

Outline Adorno’s research?

A

Studied over 2000 middle-class white American families using the f-scale

32
Q

What were Adorno’s findings?

A

He linked the Authoritarian personality with traits such as “consciousness of status”

33
Q

What are the two types of resistance to social influence?

A

Social support
Locus of control

34
Q

Define social support

A

presence of people resisting conformity can encourage others to do the same

35
Q

What is Locus of control?

A

The belief that direction of life events comes from either internal influences or external influence

36
Q

Which type of locus of control is associated with residence to conformity?

A

High internal locus of control

37
Q

Give examples of internal and external locus of control?

A

when a person does good on an exam
Internal locus of control would blame hard work
External locus of control would blame a good textbook used

38
Q

What is Minority influence?

A

when a minority group persuade others to adopt their views

39
Q

What are the three processes of minority influence?

A

Consistency
Commitment
Flexibility

40
Q

What are the six steps towards social change?

A

Drawing attention
Consistency
Deeper processing
Augmentation principle
Snowball effect
Social cryptomnesia

41
Q

Define social cryptomnesia (final step of achieving social change)

A

When people have a memory that change has occurred but don’t remember how it occurred

42
Q

What happens for social change to be complete?

A

When whole societies rather than just individuals adopt new attitudes

43
Q

What % of conversations in Zimbardo’s prison experiment were about prison life and what does this show?

A

90% showing that it is unlikely the participants were role playing

44
Q

What did Rank and Johnson do with nurses that shows disobedience to authority?

A

Used a phone call to order nurses to give a lethal dose to patients of which 16 out of the 18 nurses disobeyed

Psychology (11 decks)

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