Relationships Flashcards
What is meant by anisogamy?
The difference between Male and Female sex cells
What is Inter-sexual selection?
Meaning between the sexes Inter-sexual selection is the way in which females choose male partners and vice versa
What is Intra-sexual selection?
Means within the sexes Intra-sexual selection are strategies in which they make sure they are the one chosen by the opposite sex
What is self-disclosure?
When we tell our partner information about ourselves
What is meant by Breadth and depth of self-disclosure?
Breadth is surface level information
Depth is more risky information which happens as a relationship develops
What is meant when self-disclosure is reciprocated?
When one partner shares information the other also shares
What is meant by physical attractiveness?
Physical features that display healthy qualities such as a symmetrical face are more attractive
What is the Halo effect?
When attractive people are described as having good personal qualities on looks alone
What was research into the Halo effect?
Karen Dion found that attractive people are often referred to as “kind and strong”
What is the matching hypothesis?
we look for partners who are similar to ourselves in terms of physical attractiveness
What was the research into the matching hypothesis?
Men and Women attended a dance and were told an ideal partner was assigned through a computer (they were actually randomly assigned)
What were the findings of the initial matching hypothesis research?
The hypothesis was not supported as the most attractive people who were at the dance were also the most liked
What was changed when the matching hypothesis was repeated?
Each participant was able to chose their own partner and the pps chose partners that matched their own physical attractiveness
What is the Filter theory?
Our range of potential partners is filtered down by many factors
What are the three stages of the Filter Theory?
Social Demography
Similarity in attitudes
Complementarity
What is the reduced cues theory in terms of online relationships?
Online relationships lack the physical and emotional cues of a face-to-face relationship. This makes online partners impersonal and therefore we are unlikely to self-disclose information
What is the hyper personal model of online relationships?
Argues that online relationships have greater self disclosure as the sender of the message has more control over what they can say and can therefore paint themselves in a positive picture
How are online relationships effected by gates?
There are a lack of gates in online relationships meaning there is little interference with online relationships
How are a lack of gates in online relationships good and bad?
Individuals can act more as their true selves however serious gates can be hidden from their partner
What are Parasocial relationships?
One sided relationships where a person is obsessive of a famous person
What are the three levels of Parasocial relationships?
entertainment
intense personal
borderline pathological
What is the absorption addiction model of Parasocial relationships?
People engage in Parasocial relationships in order to compensate for a lack of difficulty in forming relationships. The fulfilment they get from this relationship causes more risky behaviour such as stalking
How can attachment explain Parasocial relationships?
insecure-resistant attached people are likely to engage in Parasocial relationships as they are more fearful towards real relationship risk
What is the Equity theory of relationships?
It refers to the fairness between both partners in a relationship
What is an example of relationship equity?
One partner goes to work while the other looks after the home both to an equal and fair standard
What happens when a relationship becomes inequitable in new relationships?
partners become dissatisfied and are likely to leave one another
What happens when an old relationship becomes inequitable?
The two partners are more likely to try and fix things in order to not loose the relationship
What is Ducks Model of breakdown?
specifies that there are four specific steps to a breakup
What are the four stages of Ducks model of breakdown?
Intra-Psychic
Dyadic
Social Phase
Grave-Dressing
What does Rusbult’s investment model suggest?
commitment is the main factor to a relationship which increases with the more we invest
What are the three stages of Rusbult’s investment model?
Satisfaction
Comparison
Investment
What are two types of investment proposed by Rusbult?
Tangible- Joint purchases such as a car
Intangible- memories of the relationship
What are the three factors affecting attraction?
Self-discloser
Physical attractiveness
Filter thoery
What are the four theories of romantic relationships?
Social exchange theory
Equity theory
Rusbult’s investment model
Duck’s phase model
What was Clark and Hatfeld’s procedure when proving inter-sexual selection?
Sent both male and female PP’s around a university campus and asked them to try to get other students to sleep with them
What were Clark and Hatfeld’s findings for inter-sexual selection?
75% of men who were asked to be slept with said yes while not a single woman accepted the offer
What did Haas and Stafford find that supports self disclosure?
57% of homosexual couples said that being “open and honest” was the best way to preserve their relationship
What did Markey and Markey find about lesbian couples that limits complementarity of the filter theory?
Lesbian couples of equal dominance were the most satisfied
What are two issues with the psychological rewards of social exchange theory?
Subjective and hard to measure
How does Utne et al support the equity theory?
She found that out of 118 recently married couples the most equitable relationships were the most satisfactory
How does Duck limit his own theory?
He suggested it was incomplete by later adding a 5th stage which applied experience from failed relationships into new ones
What did Malthy link between parasocial relationships and teenage girls?
Parasocial relationships were more common in girls who had poor body image with celebrities whose body image was admirable
