Relationships

Question 1

What is meant by anisogamy?

Answer 1

The difference between Male and Female sex cells

Question 2

What is Inter-sexual selection?

Answer 2

Meaning between the sexes Inter-sexual selection is the way in which females choose male partners and vice versa

Question 3

What is Intra-sexual selection?

Answer 3

Means within the sexes Intra-sexual selection are strategies in which they make sure they are the one chosen by the opposite sex

Question 4

What is self-disclosure?

Answer 4

When we tell our partner information about ourselves

Question 5

What is meant by Breadth and depth of self-disclosure?

Answer 5

Breadth is surface level information
Depth is more risky information which happens as a relationship develops

Question 6

What is meant when self-disclosure is reciprocated?

Answer 6

When one partner shares information the other also shares

Question 7

What is meant by physical attractiveness?

Answer 7

Physical features that display healthy qualities such as a symmetrical face are more attractive

Question 8

What is the Halo effect?

Answer 8

When attractive people are described as having good personal qualities on looks alone

Question 9

What was research into the Halo effect?

Answer 9

Karen Dion found that attractive people are often referred to as “kind and strong”

Question 10

What is the matching hypothesis?

Answer 10

we look for partners who are similar to ourselves in terms of physical attractiveness

Question 11

What was the research into the matching hypothesis?

Answer 11

Men and Women attended a dance and were told an ideal partner was assigned through a computer (they were actually randomly assigned)

Question 12

What were the findings of the initial matching hypothesis research?

Answer 12

The hypothesis was not supported as the most attractive people who were at the dance were also the most liked

Question 13

What was changed when the matching hypothesis was repeated?

Answer 13

Each participant was able to chose their own partner and the pps chose partners that matched their own physical attractiveness

Question 14

What is the Filter theory?

Answer 14

Our range of potential partners is filtered down by many factors

Question 15

What are the three stages of the Filter Theory?

Answer 15

Social Demography
Similarity in attitudes
Complementarity

Question 16

What is the reduced cues theory in terms of online relationships?

Answer 16

Online relationships lack the physical and emotional cues of a face-to-face relationship. This makes online partners impersonal and therefore we are unlikely to self-disclose information

Question 17

What is the hyper personal model of online relationships?

Answer 17

Argues that online relationships have greater self disclosure as the sender of the message has more control over what they can say and can therefore paint themselves in a positive picture

Question 18

How are online relationships effected by gates?

Answer 18

There are a lack of gates in online relationships meaning there is little interference with online relationships

Question 19

How are a lack of gates in online relationships good and bad?

Answer 19

Individuals can act more as their true selves however serious gates can be hidden from their partner

Question 20

What are Parasocial relationships?

Answer 20

One sided relationships where a person is obsessive of a famous person

Question 21

What are the three levels of Parasocial relationships?

Answer 21

entertainment
intense personal
borderline pathological

Question 22

What is the absorption addiction model of Parasocial relationships?

Answer 22

People engage in Parasocial relationships in order to compensate for a lack of difficulty in forming relationships. The fulfilment they get from this relationship causes more risky behaviour such as stalking

Question 23

How can attachment explain Parasocial relationships?

Answer 23

insecure-resistant attached people are likely to engage in Parasocial relationships as they are more fearful towards real relationship risk

Question 24

What is the Equity theory of relationships?

Answer 24

It refers to the fairness between both partners in a relationship

Question 25

What is an example of relationship equity?

Answer 25

One partner goes to work while the other looks after the home both to an equal and fair standard

Question 26

What happens when a relationship becomes inequitable in new relationships?

Answer 26

partners become dissatisfied and are likely to leave one another

Question 27

What happens when an old relationship becomes inequitable?

Answer 27

The two partners are more likely to try and fix things in order to not loose the relationship

Question 28

What is Ducks Model of breakdown?

Answer 28

specifies that there are four specific steps to a breakup

Question 29

What are the four stages of Ducks model of breakdown?

Answer 29

Intra-Psychic
Dyadic
Social Phase
Grave-Dressing

Question 30

What does Rusbult’s investment model suggest?

Answer 30

commitment is the main factor to a relationship which increases with the more we invest

Question 31

What are the three stages of Rusbult’s investment model?

Answer 31

Satisfaction
Comparison
Investment

Question 32

What are two types of investment proposed by Rusbult?

Answer 32

Tangible- Joint purchases such as a car
Intangible- memories of the relationship

Question 33

What are the three factors affecting attraction?

Answer 33

Self-discloser
Physical attractiveness
Filter thoery

Question 34

What are the four theories of romantic relationships?

Answer 34

Social exchange theory
Equity theory
Rusbult’s investment model
Duck’s phase model

Question 35

What was Clark and Hatfeld’s procedure when proving inter-sexual selection?

Answer 35

Sent both male and female PP’s around a university campus and asked them to try to get other students to sleep with them

Question 36

What were Clark and Hatfeld’s findings for inter-sexual selection?

Answer 36

75% of men who were asked to be slept with said yes while not a single woman accepted the offer

Question 37

What did Haas and Stafford find that supports self disclosure?

Answer 37

57% of homosexual couples said that being “open and honest” was the best way to preserve their relationship

Question 38

What did Markey and Markey find about lesbian couples that limits complementarity of the filter theory?

Answer 38

Lesbian couples of equal dominance were the most satisfied

Question 39

What are two issues with the psychological rewards of social exchange theory?

Answer 39

Subjective and hard to measure

Question 40

How does Utne et al support the equity theory?

Answer 40

She found that out of 118 recently married couples the most equitable relationships were the most satisfactory

Question 41

How does Duck limit his own theory?

Answer 41

He suggested it was incomplete by later adding a 5th stage which applied experience from failed relationships into new ones

Question 42

What did Malthy link between parasocial relationships and teenage girls?

Answer 42

Parasocial relationships were more common in girls who had poor body image with celebrities whose body image was admirable