Social Influence

Question 1

how many studies and theories were present in this theme:

Answer 1

1)Asch et al. 1950 Conformity
2)Piliavin et al Good samaritan 1969 bystander effect
3) Milgram Obedience 1963
4)Haney, Banks, Zimbardo 1973 Simulated prison, conformity
5)Agentic state theory
6)Authoritarian personality Adorno

Question 2

what is social influence

Answer 2

This is about how people (groups, Individuals) can influence our behaviour

Question 3

What is bystander effect and give an example

Answer 3

This is peoples reluctance to help because they believe someone else may step in.
Not picking the trash on the street.

Question 4

What situational factors affect bystander effect

Answer 4

-a large crowd
- noticing the event
-plutaristic ignorance
-cost of helping

Question 5

What were the main aims of Piliavin et al (1969)

Answer 5

Understanding the conditions of where people are most likely to help in
AND
Investigating how people would help in a natural environment

Question 6

List some properties of Internal Locus of control

Answer 6

-have a more personal control
-passing a test because you paid hard work
-less influenced by others

Question 7

An example of a personal effect from bystander effect

Answer 7

-feeling anxious to help because of low confidence levels
-Not in the mood/ hard to notice some things when unhappy
-competence
-self esteem

Question 8

how does similarity affect bystander effect

Answer 8

having similar characteristics, circumstances or even age, the bystander is likely to help

Question 9

What is conformity

Answer 9

This is when an individuals thinks or acts similar to those around them

Question 10

What is compliance
example!

Answer 10

This is when an individual follows or goes along with a group even if they don’t agree internally example:
Listening to a type of music that your group likes that you personally don’t.

Question 11

informational social influence vs normative social influence

Answer 11

Informational- following a group for the need to be right
Normative- following a group for the desire to be liked/fit in

Question 12

list the social factors that affect Conformity

Answer 12

-Group size
-Task difficulty
-anonymity

Question 13

how does task difficulty affect conformity

Answer 13

the harder the task the more likely we are to conform
we look onto others because of the lack of confidence and needing to be right.
e.g Solving a math question but not getting it so looking onto others because you believe you’re poor in math.

Question 14

how did the police guards conform to their role in Zimbardo et al (1973)

Answer 14

-the uniforms
-becoming increasingly aggressive
-became intimidating

Question 15

Where did the Zimbardo et al (1973) took place and what was their aim?

Answer 15

Took place in the basement of Stanford University

“Their aim was to investigate prison-guard conflict in a simulated prison environment.”

Question 16

sampling method used to gain participants for Zimbardo and How long was this experiment

Answer 16

• Volunteer sampling.
  Supposed to last for 2 weeks ended up going for only 6 days

Question 17

What was the main conclusion for Zimbardo et al (1973)

Answer 17

Both prisoners and guards were FULLY IMMERSED into their role in the simulated prison environment.

Question 18

list one ethical issue that was abused in zimbardo

Answer 18

• no protection
• no privacy

Question 19

how does expertise affect conformity

Answer 19

when a person has a higher level of expertise in a particular situation, then they are less likely to conform. The vice versa is said for low expertise.

Question 20

What is obedience?

Answer 20

This is when people follow the orders of an authority figure.

Question 21

What was a brief summary of Milgrams study?

Answer 21

mention;
-Took place in Yale
-It had a confederate who was strapped to a chair with “shock” cables
-Each participant was required to give shocks to the confederate if they answer wrongly
-participants could not see the confederate but could hear him.

Question 22

what is blind obedience

Answer 22

Following the orders of an authority figure without question.

Question 23

Name two factors that reduce the effect of blind obedience

Answer 23

-distance
-education
-familiar to that situation
-social support

Question 24

how does proximity to the victim affect obedience regarding Milgrams study

Answer 24

Milgram found out that when the victim was away from the participant, obedience levels were higher. However they dropped by 30% when the victim was in the same room as them

Question 25

what other 2 social factors affected Milgrams study with obedience

Answer 25

-participants knew this was for the sake for a ‘prestigious’ study and did it based on research
-participants were paid
-participants had little understanding of some procedures
-Momentum of compliance

Question 26

What is the agentic state

Answer 26

we believe we are no longer accounting for our own actions on behalf of following an order form an authority figure.

Question 27

what is an agentic shift

Answer 27

This is moving from the autonomous state to the agentic state.

Question 28

how do different types of cultures affect obedience levels?

Answer 28

Mention Individualistic cultures (lower levels of obedience)
Collectivistic cultures (higher levels of obedience)

Question 29

What did Adorno believe about the
“Authoritarian personality theory”

Answer 29

He believed that people developed more obedient personalities towards other based on the authority figures in their lives

Question 30

What did Adorno use to test the theory?
*hint- questionnaire

Answer 30

The F-scale questionnaire
-30 questions
-9 personality dimensions

Question 31

what are the two behaviour of crowds

Answer 31

-prosocial behaviour-behaviour that is wanted, helpful and cooperative
-antisocial behaviour-behaviour that is not wanted, unhelpful and aggressive/destructive

Question 32

what is social loafing

Answer 32

when in a group, individuals will put less work on a project compared to when they are alone.

Question 33

Are you prepared?

Answer 33

YES