Social Influence Flashcards
how many studies and theories were present in this theme:
1)Asch et al. 1950 Conformity
2)Piliavin et al Good samaritan 1969 bystander effect
3) Milgram Obedience 1963
4)Haney, Banks, Zimbardo 1973 Simulated prison, conformity
5)Agentic state theory
6)Authoritarian personality Adorno
what is social influence
This is about how people (groups, Individuals) can influence our behaviour
What is bystander effect and give an example
This is peoples reluctance to help because they believe someone else may step in.
Not picking the trash on the street.
What situational factors affect bystander effect
-a large crowd
- noticing the event
-plutaristic ignorance
-cost of helping
What were the main aims of Piliavin et al (1969)
Understanding the conditions of where people are most likely to help in
AND
Investigating how people would help in a natural environment
List some properties of Internal Locus of control
-have a more personal control
-passing a test because you paid hard work
-less influenced by others
An example of a personal effect from bystander effect
-feeling anxious to help because of low confidence levels
-Not in the mood/ hard to notice some things when unhappy
-competence
-self esteem
how does similarity affect bystander effect
having similar characteristics, circumstances or even age, the bystander is likely to help
What is conformity
This is when an individuals thinks or acts similar to those around them
What is compliance
example!
This is when an individual follows or goes along with a group even if they don’t agree internally example:
Listening to a type of music that your group likes that you personally don’t.
informational social influence vs normative social influence
Informational- following a group for the need to be right
Normative- following a group for the desire to be liked/fit in
list the social factors that affect Conformity
-Group size
-Task difficulty
-anonymity
how does task difficulty affect conformity
the harder the task the more likely we are to conform
we look onto others because of the lack of confidence and needing to be right.
e.g Solving a math question but not getting it so looking onto others because you believe you’re poor in math.
how did the police guards conform to their role in Zimbardo et al (1973)
-the uniforms
-becoming increasingly aggressive
-became intimidating
Where did the Zimbardo et al (1973) took place and what was their aim?
Took place in the basement of Stanford University
“Their aim was to investigate prison-guard conflict in a simulated prison environment.”
sampling method used to gain participants for Zimbardo and How long was this experiment
- Volunteer sampling.
Supposed to last for 2 weeks ended up going for only 6 days
What was the main conclusion for Zimbardo et al (1973)
Both prisoners and guards were FULLY IMMERSED into their role in the simulated prison environment.
list one ethical issue that was abused in zimbardo
- no protection
- no privacy
how does expertise affect conformity
when a person has a higher level of expertise in a particular situation, then they are less likely to conform. The vice versa is said for low expertise.
What is obedience?
This is when people follow the orders of an authority figure.
What was a brief summary of Milgrams study?
mention;
-Took place in Yale
-It had a confederate who was strapped to a chair with “shock” cables
-Each participant was required to give shocks to the confederate if they answer wrongly
-participants could not see the confederate but could hear him.
what is blind obedience
Following the orders of an authority figure without question.
Name two factors that reduce the effect of blind obedience
-distance
-education
-familiar to that situation
-social support
how does proximity to the victim affect obedience regarding Milgrams study
Milgram found out that when the victim was away from the participant, obedience levels were higher. However they dropped by 30% when the victim was in the same room as them
what other 2 social factors affected Milgrams study with obedience
-participants knew this was for the sake for a ‘prestigious’ study and did it based on research
-participants were paid
-participants had little understanding of some procedures
-Momentum of compliance
What is the agentic state
we believe we are no longer accounting for our own actions on behalf of following an order form an authority figure.
what is an agentic shift
This is moving from the autonomous state to the agentic state.
how do different types of cultures affect obedience levels?
Mention Individualistic cultures (lower levels of obedience)
Collectivistic cultures (higher levels of obedience)
What did Adorno believe about the
“Authoritarian personality theory”
He believed that people developed more obedient personalities towards other based on the authority figures in their lives
What did Adorno use to test the theory?
*hint- questionnaire
The F-scale questionnaire
-30 questions
-9 personality dimensions
what are the two behaviour of crowds
-prosocial behaviour-behaviour that is wanted, helpful and cooperative
-antisocial behaviour-behaviour that is not wanted, unhelpful and aggressive/destructive
what is social loafing
when in a group, individuals will put less work on a project compared to when they are alone.
Are you prepared?
YES
