Social - Independent Behaviour Flashcards
What is ANTI-CONFORMITY?
A consistent opposition to the norms of the group; deliberately choosing to not conform. It is still a form of conformity because it is determined by the norms of the group
What is INDEPENDENT BEHAVIOUR?
Behaviour that is not altered despite pressures to conform or obey. Actions are unaffected by social norms
What 4 factors help to resist the pressure to CONFORM?
1) Desire for INDIVIDUATION
2) Desire to maintain CONTROL
3) Prior commitment
4) Time to think and find social support
What study looked at the desire for INDIVIDUATION and what was it?
Snyder and Fromkin
They told 1 group of American students that their attitudes were different from 10,000 other students, and another that their attitudes were identical. Later in a conformity study, those with ‘identical’ personalities resisted pressures to conform, showing an attempt to be individual
What did Burger suggest about the desire to maintain CONTROL?
That people with a high need for personal control are more likely to resist conformity pressures than those who have a lower need
What study supported Burger’s claim?
Daubman
People who scored highly on a desirability of control scale were less likely to accept help/advice than those who scored lower.
What study supports the theory of PRIOR COMMITMENT?
Deutsch and Gerard’s variation of Asch’s experiment
They asked the participant to give his answer before the confederates, and when given the opportunity to change after hearing the answers of others, they almost never did. This shows participants’ fear of appearing indecisive
What study supports the theory of FINDING SOCIAL SUPPORT?
In a variation of Asch’s study when participants received social support from an ally, conformity levels dropped to 8.7%
What 5 factors contribute to resisting pressures to OBEY?
1) Feeling responsible for their own actions (opposite of agentic shift)
2) Disobedient models
3) Questioning legitimacy of authority
4) Discussing in groups
5) Reactance
What is REACTANCE?
When a group/individual tries to restrict the choice and freedom of others, resulting in people getting angry and deliberately rebelling
What 6 INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES have an effect on independent behaviour?
1) Moral reasoning
2) Locus of control
3) Confidence
4) Gender
5) Time
6) Place
What is an INTERNAL locus of control?
Belief that what happens to an individual is a consequence of their own behaviour, and can control much of their own life
What is an EXTERNAL locus of control?
Belief that what happens to an individual is controlled by external factors and agents, and that the things that happen to them are uncontrollable
What was Blass’ conclusions about how LOCUS OF CONTROL effects levels of resistance to obedience?
That research findings are unclear (some finding no relationship and others finding a strong link). But the evidence that does exist suggests that ‘internals’ have a greater resistance to pressure to obey than ‘externals’
What study shows how CONFIDENCE could effect how people resist obedience?
Perrin and Spencer
They use students doing engineering, maths and science courses which probably enabled them to be more confident in rejecting the majority answer
