Cognitive - Models of Memory Flashcards
What is memory?
The ability to retain information, and demonstrate retention through retrieval
What are the 3 processes of memory?
Encoding
Storage
Retrieval
State and explain a study into immediate recall
Murdock
Used tasks involving free recall: the participant is presented with a list of unconnected words and they had to recall as many as they could in any order. They tested immediate recall or recall using a short delay using distraction tasks
What were the results from Murdocks study?
With immediate recall, words at the beginning and end were recalled well, with words in the middle recorded poorly.
What is it called when words at the beginning and end of a sequence are recalled well?
Primary and Recency effect
What does immediate recall depend on?
the Serial Position Effect
What does the primary effect reflect on?
Long term memory
What does the recency effect reflect on?
Short term memory
What happens to the words in the middle of a sequence to make them forgotten?
They are lost due to the short term capacity being overloaded
What is the Sensory memory in terms of the Multi-store model?
Holds information in an unprocessed manner, taking in physical things immediately. It is the ability to pay attention
What is the capacity of Sensory memory in terms of the Multi-store model?
As much as the senses can register at any one time (usually quite little)
What is the duration of Sensory memory in terms of the Multi-store model?
Fractions of a second
What form is Sensory memory encoded in, in terms of the Multi-store model?
Unprocessed information
What is Short term memory in terms of the Multi-store model?
The system for storing information for brief periods of time
What is the capacity of Short term memory in terms of the Multi-store model?
Limited capacity (only about 7 items plus or minus 2)
