Social groups and formal organizations

Question 1

Group

Answer 1

Two or more people who interact with one another, share similar characteristics, and collectively have a sense of unity

Question 2

Aggregate

Answer 2

a collection of people who are in the same place at the same time but who otherwise have nothing else in common

Question 3

Category

Answer 3

A collection of people who share a particular characteristic

Question 4

Primary group

Answer 4

Those personal relations that are direct, face-to-face, relatively permanent, and intimate

Question 5

Secondary group

Answer 5

Any large group of people who share a purpose and work toward a common interest or goal

Question 6

Voluntary associations

Answer 6

A group of individuals who enter into an agreement, usually as volunteers, to form a body to accomplish a purpose

Question 7

Iron law of oligarchy

Answer 7

All forms of the organization, regardless of how democratic they may be at the start, will eventually and inevitably develop oligarchic tendencies, thus making true democracy practically and theoretically impossible, especially in large groups and complex organizations

Question 8

In-group

Answer 8

A group to whom you, as a person, belong, and anyone else who is perceived as belonging to that group

Question 9

Out-group

Answer 9

Anyone who does not belong to your group

Question 10

Reference group

Answer 10

A group that a person uses as a reference during self-evaluation

Question 11

Social network

Answer 11

A social structure that exists between individuals

Question 12

Clique

Answer 12

A formation of two or more individuals who share bonding characteristics that allow for them to identify with one another to form a social network

Question 13

Bureaucracy

Answer 13

Specific form of organization defined by complexity, division of labor, permanence, professional management, hierarchical coordination and control, strict chain of command, and legal authority

Question 14

Mcdonaldization of society

Answer 14

the increasing presence of the fast food business model in common social institutions

Question 15

Goal displacement

Answer 15

The phenomenon by which the original and often radical or idealistic goals of an organization are displaced by the inferior goals required to maintain the organization and keeps its leadership in power

Question 16

Alienation

Answer 16

When humans feel disconnected or estranged from some part of their nature or form society

Question 17

Self-fulfilling stereotype

Answer 17

The idea that one person’s or one group’s expectations for the behavior of others can quite unintentionally help to bring about the behavior expected of those others

Question 18

“Hidden” Corporate culture

Answer 18

The values and beliefs of the corporation that shape employee’s attitudes

Question 19

Diversity training

Answer 19

A type of corporate training designed to facilitate positive inter groups interaction, reduce prejudice and discrimination, and teach different individuals how to work together effectively

Question 20

Group dynamics

Answer 20

The social process by which people interact and behave in a group environment

Question 21

Small group

Answer 21

Typically one where the collection of people is small enough that all members of the group know each other and share simultaneous interaction

Question 22

Dyad

Answer 22

A group of two things or two people

Question 23

Triad

Answer 23

A group of three friends

Question 24

Coalition

Answer 24

A group formed of different organization or people who agree to act together, usually temporarily, to achieve something

Question 25

Leader

Answer 25

A individual in charge or in command or other people

Question 26

Instrumental leader

Answer 26

One who is goal-oriented and largely concerned with accomplishing set tasks

Question 27

Leadership style

Answer 27

A leader’s approach to providing direction, implementing plans, and motivating people

Question 28

authoritarian leader

Answer 28

A leadership style characterized by individual control over all decisions and little input from group members

Question 29

Democratic leader

Answer 29

Welcome and value others’ input, rely heavily on team participation, and facilitate discussions that enable multiple members of their group to weigh in on decisions

Question 30

Laissez-faire leader

Answer 30

Takes a hands-off approach to leadership and gives others the freedom to make decisions

Question 31

Group-think

Answer 31

A psychological and sociological phenomenon in which members of a group will conform to majority opinion to maintain group harmony rather than stating their own opinions