Education and Religion Flashcards
Credential society
A society that views credentials as essential for employment in certain jobs, serving as evidence of the ability to perform specialized tasks
Mandatory education laws
the most crucial period of formal education required by law of children between certain ages in a given country
Cultural capital
The social assets of a person that promote social mobility in a stratified society
Latent functions
an unintended consequence or outcome of an activity or social system
Cultural transmissions of values
The process through which cultural elements, in the form of attitudes, values, beliefs, and behavioral scripts, are passed onto and taught to individuals and groups
Inclusion
The process of improving the terms on which individuals and groups take part in society
Social placement
The process by which education systems assign individuals to different positions or roles in society based on their achievements, abilities, and potential
Gatekeeping
The process through which information is filtered for dissemination, be it publication, broadcasting, the internet, or some other type of communication
Tracking
The allocation of students into an educational environment that is more homogenous in terms of the students cognitive abilities
Hidden curriculum
An amorphous collection of implicit academic, social, and cultural messages
Self-fulfilling prophecy
A prediction that causes itself to become true
Grade inflation
a rise in the average grade assignment to students
Social promotion
the concept of passing students to the next grade regardless of their meeting standard for that grade
Functional illiteracy
The extent to which difficulties with reading and writing prevent an adult from serving as a functioning member of society
Sacred
Regarded as having special significance and will be treated with awe and respect
Profane
things that are not considered sacred or religious, but rather secular in nature
Religion
Describes the beliefs, values, and practices related to sacred of spiritual concerns
Church
Bureaucratic organization, closeness to elites, rather than passive members, and a vision for the whole of society
Cosmology
Studying the social belief systems humans have held ay different times and in different places about the order of the world, the universe, and themselves in it
Religious experience
Special experience of the divine or ultimate and the viewing of any experiences as pointing to the divine or ultimate
Born again
A conversion experience, accepting Jesus christ as lord and savior in order to be saved from hell and given eternal life with god in heaven
Rituals
A set of actions performed mainly for their symbolic values
Modernization
The transformation from a traditional, rural, agrarian society to a secular, urban, industrial society
Spirt of capitalism
A set of values, the spirt of hard work and progress
Protestant ethic
the view that a person’s duty is to achieve success through hard work and thrift such success being a sign that one is saved
Cult
A system or group of people who practice excessive devotion to a figure, object, or belief system, typically following a charismatic leader
Charismatic leader
a type of leadership that is defined byte the positive personal qualities of the leader
Charisma
A unique and compelling quality possessed by certain individuals that enables that to inspire and influence others
Sect
A group of people with somewhat different religious beliefs from those of a large group to which they belong
Ecclesia
A religious group that most of all members of a society belong to
