Social Explanation - Sexual Differentiation Flashcards
Patterns of socialisation
Impression of masculinity - even at young age told it is important - shown with toys
-more likely to be risk taking to achieve masculinity - fight or else left out or laughed at
Ministry of justice 95.4% of prisoner UK
Steffenmeier + Schwartz
Boys offered more criminal opportunities - due to stereotype of risk taking + jobs more easily available (construction, deliverers) to get than female
Role model
Most children learn gender behaviour from parent - role model
Daughter imitate mum, son imitate dad
Girls always have mother readily available role model
Boy’s dad mostly away for work
-boys mostly have mum to socialise with
-reject behaviour that’s feminine (want masculinity)
Cohen - prolong no father cause criminal behaviour
Feel anxiety as can’t learn masculine behaviour
-turn to male only peer group or street gang
-where masculinity are taught + rewarded - but actions not always good
-some think idea of breaking rules + rebellious gratify masculinity
Acquisitive criminal - does it for thrill
Differences in social control
Boys are not just socialise towards crime, girls are socialise away from crime
Heidensohn - women are always under male ‘control’ throughout lives
-can’t stay out as late + more housework than son = develop ways of socialising involving home - sleep over
Rationale behind crime also different
Carlen - 39 convicted women
-rational reason for crime = advantages of crime outweigh the disadvantage of being submissive
-low paying work = no happy life for self or children
Men do it for masculinity gratification
Evaluation - Can be explained biologically to find causal relationship
Role of testosterone (high in M, low in F)
Dabbs et al - 9 of 11 inmates with lowest T commit non-violent crime
10 of 11 inmates with high T commit violent crimes
Not just socialisation + social control effect aggression in criminal behaviour
Outdated
Adler - society becoming less patriarchal- women more freedom to do what they want - but may = more female crime
Current date - ministry of justice 95.4% prisoner male in uk
Still much more than female
-challenges theory of social control
Not ethical
Theory suggest male more likely to be criminals due to masculinity gratification
-can be used against male - more likely to be convicted if they were male
-chivalry theory (pollak)- women who may be guilty but male in justice system punish them less or let go due to stereotypes of women not being involved with crime
Applying explanation to Man up project
Change view of masculinity causing crime
-exposed to feminine way of dealing with problems + male role model less aggressive + risk taking
Pattern of socialisation - due to view of having to achieve masculinity commit acts that’s criminal
Cause men to change negative attitude of having to achieve masculinity
-should not act based on stereotype
