Social Disorganization

Question 1

Who was the first sociologist to map crime and find that crime clusters in certain locations?

Answer 1

André-Michel Guerry

Question 2

Thomas and Znaneicki said that Polish immigration lead to more crime why?

Answer 2

The second generation immigrants were more likely to commit crime because of social disorganization where they lived (poor, foreign-based areas)

Question 3

The Chicago School focuses on what aspects to crime?

Answer 3

Geographical/spatial distribution of crime

Question 4

According to Park and Burgess, what are the 5 zones in the Concentric Zone Model, and which zone has the most crime?

Answer 4

Central business district, transitional zone (most crime), working class zone, residential zone, commuter zone

Question 5

Which sociologists student delinquent boys’ residences in Chicago?

Answer 5

Shaw and McKay

Question 6

According to social disorganization theory, what three factors lead to social disorganization?

Answer 6

Low socioeconomic status, population heterogeneity, residential mobility

Question 7

What are the two structural factors of social disorganization?

Answer 7

Residential mobility, low socioeconomic status

Question 8

What is the cultural component of social disorganization?

Answer 8

Population heterogeneity

Question 9

What is the main factor that leads to social disorganization?

Answer 9

Structural + cultural breakdown as a result of LACK OF CONTROL (residents have no stake in neighborhood) = social disorganization

Question 10

What are some criticisms of social disorganization theory?

Answer 10

Doesn’t explain crime in non socially disorganized areas, tautological, perjorative (poverty)

Question 11

How was social disorganization revised by the systemic model?

Answer 11

The community is a complex system of friendships and associational networks

Question 12

What are the 3 aspects of the community that controls delinquency?

Answer 12

Supervision of teens, local friendship ties, formal social networks (involvement in community)

Question 13

What theory is an extension of broken windows theory?

Answer 13

Disorder theory, saying that disorder signals a breakdown in social control

Question 14

What is the difference between social and physical disorder?

Answer 14

Social is direct behavioral evidence of community disorganization; physical is day to day symbols of lacking investment in the neighborhood

Question 15

What is the logic behind broken windows theory?

Answer 15

Disorder leads to fear leads to self-protection/withdrawal leads to decrease social control (crime)

Question 16

What are the three types of social control?

Answer 16

Private, parochial, public

Question 17

What is private social control?

Answer 17

Informal primary groups (parents)

Question 18

What are parochial social controls?

Answer 18

Networks among residents and local institutions (neighbors)

Question 19

What are public social controls?

Answer 19

Networks among neighborhoods and external actors (police)

Question 20

What is collective efficacy?

Answer 20

The quality of social ties in a neighborhood, rather than the number of ties

Question 21

What are the two components of collective efficacy?

Answer 21

Willingness to intervene, cohesion/trust

Question 22

What is the main idea behind environmental criminology?

Answer 22

Crime is a product of the environment; police cannot affect crime

Question 23

According to Jane Jacobs, what will increase social control?

Answer 23

Mixed land use

Question 24

What are policy implications of structural theories?

Answer 24

Prevent residential turnover, lessen effects of heterogeneity (increase neighbor communication)

Question 25

T or F: hot spots policing can also be called predictive policing

Answer 25

True