Social Development Throughout The Lifespan

Question 0

Social cognition

Answer 0

Reasoning about social situations and social relationships

Influences social interactions and social behaviors

Question 1

Social development refers to…

Answer 1

The development of behaviors and thoughts the children engages in when he or she interacts with others

Question 2

Developmental psychologists have identified one of the key concepts that underlies social cognition. This concept is called

Answer 2

Theory of mind

Question 3

Define theory of mind

Answer 3

The understanding that people have mental states and that the content of these mental states guides their behavior.

Actions are guided by beliefs, emotions, and goals

Question 4

Joint attention

Answer 4

When a child and caregiver simultaneously direct their attention to the same object

Question 5

Delay of gratification is what?

Answer 5

The ability to exert self-control and wait for an anticipated reward or goal or put off a desired activity for a later time

Question 6

Gender typing

Answer 6

The process of socializing children about what roles are appropriate for males and females in the society

Question 7

Social learning theory

Answer 7

Proposes that children learn gender roles because they are rewarded for appropriate behavior and punished for inappropriate gender role behaviors.

Children also watch and imitate the behavior of others

Question 8

Cognitive theory

Answer 8

Kohlberg argue that children learn about gender the same way that they acquire other cognitive concepts

He also propose that preschool children lack of gender constancy

Question 9

Psychoanalytic theory

Answer 9

Freud’s theory proposes that children establish their gender role identity as a result of identification with their same-sex parent during the phallic stage

Question 10

Kohlber’s theory of moral development

Answer 10

This model was developed based on an individuals responses to difficult moral questions called moral dilemmas

A theory attempt to explain how children develop a sense of right and wrong

Question 11

Attachment

Answer 11

The close emotional relationship between an infant and his or her or caretakers

Question 12

Imprinting

Answer 12

Critical period for development

Question 13

Harry Harlow conducted a seminal study with monkeys to study the formation of attachment. In this study Harlow concluded what?

Answer 13

That the warmth and comfort given by the cloth mother was necessary condition for the attachment relationship even though the infants were being fed by the wiremesh mother

Question 14

Secure attachment

Answer 14

Children use parent as secure base from which they explore the new environment. They become upset when their mother leaves the room but are glad to see her and go to her when she returns

Question 15

Insecure attachment: anxious ambivalent

Answer 15

Children tend not to use the parent as a secure base and may often playing or refuse to leave their mother. They become very upset when she leaves and may often if you’re angry or become more upset when she returns

Question 16

Insecure attachment: avoidant

Answer 16

Children seek little contact with her mother and her not concerned when she leaves. Usually avoid interaction when the parent returns

Question 17

Insecure attachment: disorganized-disoriented

Answer 17

Children alternatively approach and avoid conflict with their mother. There appeared confused about whether to seek or avoid her. Often appears and abused children

Question 18

Rejected children are at risk for what?

Answer 18

Dropping out of school, having delinquent or criminal behavior, meeting mental health services

Question 19

Clique

Answer 19

A small collection of close friends who spend a substantial amount of time together

Question 20

A crowd

Answer 20

A collection of several cliques and typically is mixed sex

Question 21

Interpersonal attraction refers to…

Answer 21

Factors that contribute to a relationship being formed

Question 22

Robert Sternberg has proposed a triangular theory of love that consist of what three components?

Answer 22

Intimacy: encompassing feelings of closeness and connectedness in a relationship

Passion: the physical and sexual attraction in a relationship

Decision and commitment: the initial cognition that one love someone and the longer term feelings of commitment to maintain the love

Question 23

Fatuous love is based on what?

Answer 23

Passion and commitment only and is often short-lived

Question 24

Hostile aggression

Answer 24

Intentionally inflicting physical or psychological harm on others

Question 25

Instrumental aggression

Answer 25

Using aggressive behavior to achieve a goal, but is not intended to harm

Question 26

Relational aggression

Answer 26

A form of hostile aggression that is aimed at damaging other people’s social relationships

Question 27

Altruism

Answer 27

The selfless concern for the welfare of others that leads to helping behavior

Question 28

Resilience

Answer 28

Term used for whatever qualities or characteristics an infant has who is at risk but overcomes those risks.

Resilient children tend to have above average intelligence, our sociable, and have an easy temperament.

Question 29

True or false

Resilient children have the unconditional love of at least one person in their life

Answer 29

True