Language Development Flashcards
Morphemes
The smallest unit of a language that has meaning
A word can be one morpheme but morphemes are also roots, stems, prefixes, and suffixes
Phonemes
The smallest unit of sound that affects the meaning of speech.
The English language consists of 53 phonemes.
Semantics
The study of meaning in language
Syntax or grammar
The set of rules that determine how words are combined to make phrases and sentences
Phonetics
The study of how sounds are put together to make words
Pragmatics
Includes the social aspects of language, including politeness, conversational interactions, and conversational rules
Psycholinguistics
The study of the psychological mechanisms related to the acquisition and use of language
Noam Chomsky distinguish between a sentence is what and what?
Surface structure; the words actually spoken
Deep structure; it’s underlying meaning
Bottom up processing and perception depends on…
The information from the senses at the most basic level, with sensory information flowing from this low level upward to higher, more cognitive levels
Top down processing emphasizes…
The kind of information stored at the highest level of perception and includes concept, knowledge, and prior knowledge
Outline language development
Cooing ➡️ babbling ➡️ holophrases ➡️ telegraphic speech ➡️ syntax acquired
Symantec overextension, also known as overgeneralization, occurs when…
a child uses a word to mean more then an adult speaker would
Holophrases
Is referred to a child one word utterance that this one word could be interpreted to mean an entire phrase.
An example would be a child points at an object and says cookie. The child may mean, there is a cookie, or I want a cookie.
Fast mapping
Children assign a meeting to a word very rapidly after only a brief encounter during this phase of language development
Mothers typically use what to techniques to help a child verbalize and communicate?
Expansion: is when a mother repeats a child verbalization after making it more complex
Recast: is repeating a child’s utterance after correcting grammatical mistakes
