Social Development Flashcards
What is social development?
Social development refers to the way society is changing.
How do we measure social development?
Life expectancy
Literacy rate
Birth/Death rate
Infant mortality rate
Human development Index
What are the Push factors in Sub-Saharan Africa?
Child labour
Gender inequality
Conflict
Disease (e.g malaria, HIV, Ebola)
Inadequate healthcare
Shortage of water
No employments available
What is top down approach?
Rich individuals and large companies are the driving force behind economic growth
Usually the government tends to make the decision and benefits everyone
Often linked to development through large scale projects
What is bottom up approach?
Life people out of poverty by helping each other.
Usually in a local community
Projects at a much smaller scale
Local people are responsible for the cost
What are the advantages and disadvantages of top down approach?
Advantages:
Decision is centralized — clear goals and targets
Detailed plans implemented exactly as planned
Cost effective if successful
Easy to evaluate: has plans been fulfilled?
Disadvantages:
You targets may need something different — once the approach has started, it’s not easy to change
Difficult to engage partners.
Difficult to change even if it’s not working
Can be a huge cost
Need a strong and wise leader who considers all angles of how the decision will impact the citizens and the entire country.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of bottom up approach?
Advantages:
easier to communicate with people
Easier to adapt different needs (deal with the unexpected)
Less expensive than other methods
Disadvantages:
Budgets are limited
Decision making can be influenced as several people are participated
Not 100% effective
