Erosion and Weathering

Question 1

What is coastal erosion?

Answer 1

The process of the sea wearing away the land

Question 2

What are 4 types of coastal erosion?

Answer 2

Hydraulic action
Abrasion
Attrition
Solution

Question 3

Describe hydraulic action

Answer 3

The sheer power of waves as they smash against the cliff. Air may become trapped in the cracks in the rock and causes it to break apart

Question 4

Describe abrasion

Answer 4

When pebbles grind along the river bed in a sand-papering effect

Question 5

Describe attrition

Answer 5

Rocks that the river are carrying smash against each other cause it to break apart and become smaller and more rounded

Question 6

Describe solution

Answer 6

When the sea water dissolved certain type of rocks. e.g in the UK, chalk and limestone cliffs are exposed to this type of erosion

Question 7

What are 4 types of transportation?

Answer 7

Traction
Saltation
Suspension
Solution

Question 8

Describe traction

Answer 8

Large and heavy pebbles are rolled along the bottom of the river bed by the force of the water
This is common when the water has a lot of energy E.G when the water is in flood

Question 9

Describe saltation

Answer 9

Smaller pebbles bounced along the river bed. The process is similar to traction however the small pebbles are lighter so the water has enough energy to bounce them

Question 10

Describe suspension

Answer 10

Tiny particles(e.g silt and clay) are picked up and carried downstream by the force of water. This happens as the water has enough strength to pick them up and carry the particles along
This process normally makes the water appearance dirty

Question 11

Describe solution

Answer 11

Soluble materials are dissolved in the water and transported downstream

Question 12

What is deposition?

Answer 12

When the river loses energy, it drops any of the material it has been carrying

Question 13

What are the factors leading to deposition?

Answer 13

Shallow water
At the river’s mouth
When the volume of the water decreases

Question 14

Describe the formation of stump

Answer 14

1. Large crack opened up by hydraulic action
2. The crack grows into a cave by hydraulic action and abrasion
3. The cave becomes larger and breaks through the headland forming a natural arch
4. The arch is eroded and collapsed
5. This leaves a tall rock - stack
6. The stack is eroded over the time and forming a stump

Crack➡️cave➡️arch➡️stack➡️stump