Rural Urban Links Past Paper Flashcards
Describe two ways in which an ageing population has created challenges for the UK [4]
Ageing population puts a great pressure on the healthcare. As the prevalence of long term healthcare conditions increase with age, it is estimated that the average cost of providing healthcare for a person aged 85 years or above is 3 times more than a person aged 65 to 74 years.
Ageing population also results in the imbalanced proportion of populations at different ages. This results in a decline in the working population therefore means lower tax revenues but higher public expenditure.
Describe the distribution of Urban areas in Wales [2]
The distribution of urban areas are more concentrated in South with fewer located in North Wales and are hardly any located in mid-Wales.
Explain why people in rural areas of Wales may have less access to services now than in the past [6]
The decline in services in rural areas of Wales are caused by a chain of factors.
First of all, more younger generation are moving to the urban area due to a lack of opportunities and social infrastructures present in the rural areas such as lack of employments.
As more younger people moving away to the city, the services became concentrated in the urban areas, however, it has caused a decline in population in the rural areas.
In addition, this has influenced on the ageing of rural areas as more elders living in the countryside, therefore the demand for services has massively reduced, causing the closure of services such as post offices and local shops as they are not receiving enough income due to a decreasing number of economical active people in the population. Therefore, services may move towards the city causing the urban areas to expand further which results in regional inequality.
Furthermore, This has created a problem for the elders who live in the countryside. For example, if they are looking for a medical treatment, they may have to travel miles to the hospitals that are located in the city.
Give one reason why many people work in the informal economy of cities in NICs and LICs. [2]
People who may not have qualifications from university therefore hard for them to apply for formal employment whereas informal jobs doesn’t require any skills and offer more job opportunities.
‘The challenges facing all global cities in the 21st century are the same’
To what extent do you agree with this statement? [8+3]
To a small extent I agree with this statement. As the extent of challenges the global cities facing are on a different level because they develop at different rates which is affected by a variety of social, economic and environmental factors.
For example, when we compare Mumbai and London, whilst they both clearly have similar issues such as homelessness and a lack of affordable and adequate housing. But the scale of challenges is far more greater in Mumbai than in London.
Despite Mumbai is the largest and wealthiest city in India, it still has countless basic problems. For example, around 55% of Mumbai’ total population live in slums and more than half of those population do not have access to clean water and basic services. Dharavi is one of the most known slum with approximately 1 million people densely populated in a 2.4km*2 squatter settlements which are made out of waste materials such as carboard, tin and plastic. This is a serious issue as overcrowding means diseases such as malaria and plagues can spread very easily. As a result, an average of 4000 cases were reported daily just within Dharavi according to the local hospitals.
Whereas in London, the level of challenges are much smaller compare to Mumbai. For example, 8000 people are homeless out of a total population of 8 million. Which means that 1 in 1000 is homeless. However, the government is doing great In terms of counter homelessness as they have started to build more council homes and have accommodated over 1700 rough sleepers, providing them with a safe place to stay as well as providing food and medical care. Tax paid are also contributed in funding the local authorities to provide stability for the homeless by offering them a weekly mandatory kit. Nowadays, according to the statistics, the number of homeless have massively cut down to approximately 2688 in February 2021. And homeless is estimated to end within the next 5-10 years.
Overall the challenges that the global cities facing in the 21st century are not the same due to uneven development caused by different political factors, how the government views and the ways to tackle the problems as well as economic status, social and environmental backgrounds.
Low tariff questions
- 3
- 3, 1.1
Lower birth rate
D, A
