Landscape And Physcial Processed And Coastal Managements Past Paper Flashcards
Describe the relief(shape of the land) in box A [4]
The relief of landscape in Box A varies. For example, it has high and steep hills in the north because the contours are close together whereas there are gentle slopes towards the south as the contours are widely spread. In addition, the relief is very flat on the beaches at the bottom of Box A as there are no contours at all but it has steep cliffs just above the beaches as the contours are densely packed together.
What makes this landscape distinctive? [3]
The landscape above presents a picture of heather moorland which has rough grazing land and is used for upland sheep farming. In addition, the field are also surrounded by a wall of limestone.
Describe one negative impact of people on a landscape you have studied [3]
National park
One negative impact that people brings to national park is the loss of the habitats. This is mainly due to the heavy construction of buildings or quarries which leads to the decline of wild species.
One method which is unsuitable [2]
Scatter graph, because it is used for finding relationship between two datasets therefore its unsuitable.
Evaluate one or more strategies for managing landscapes in wales [6]
One strategy that can be used is to put bins around the area. This would encourage people to throw the litter in the bin instead of littering on the floor. Therefore reduces the amount of human erosion. However, this may lose a drawback as some people may ignore the bins and continue to litter on the floor.
Another strategy that can be used to maintain the landscapes is to put fences around the footpaths. The aim of this is to reduce the footpaths erosions. This can be an effective way as people are aware of where they should be. However, it can be expensive to put the fences around the entire scenery.
A final strategy that can be used to reduce the erosion by tourists is to introduce signs. They are helpful as they inform people to go to the right directions as well as the use of maps, which tells people to go on the right paths, therefore decrease the amount of erosion as well as causing less damage to the local habitat.
Describe the process of hydraulic action in a river channel [2]
The sheer power of waves as they smash against the cliff. Air may become trapped in the cracks in the rocks and cause it to break apart.
Explain why geology and river processes interact to form waterfalls [6]
First of all, the soft rocks erode more quickly which undercuts the hard rock. Over the time, water erode the soft rock and form a plunge pool by a combination of hydraulic action and abrasion which both contributes to the process of erosion. Therefore, leaves the hard rock overhanging and eventually collapsed because it isn’t supported. As a result, the fallen rock is then crashed into the plunge pool, causing more erosion which also consequently causes the plunge pool to develop further. Over the time, this process is repeated and the waterfall continues to retreat upstream, leading to the formation of a steep sided gorge.
Describe the location of Kingston-upon-Hull [2]
It is located on the north bank of Humber, and approximately 16km away from Beverly and 22km away from North Sea.
Describe two other examples of hard engineering on the coast [4]
Sea walls which are concrete walls that are built at the foot of a cliff, they are used to prevent erosion by sea water as they are caused to reflect the wave energy back into the sea.
Groynes which are wooden or rock structures that are built out perpendicularly into the sea. They are used to trap sediments from the sea therefore protect the beach from being washed away by longshore drift
Explain why Kingston-upon-Hull is vulnerable to coastal flooding. [4]
Kingston-upon-Hull is vulnerable to coastal flooding due to the fact that the entire city is located on the North bank of Humber. The Entire city is only approximately 0-4.9m above the sea level. However, in some places such as the city centre, it is extremely flat and low lying as it is only approximately 1m above the sea level. Therefore the chances of flooding is high as they sea water can be easily funneled up through the Hummer estuary therefore overflows the city and the surrounding areas.
Describe the relationship between the severity of storms and the frequency with which they occur. [2]
As magnitude increases, the frequency decreases, therefore showing an inverse relationship.
Explain why the vulnerability of coastal communities to flooding varies in countries at different levels of economic development [6]
The level of economic development has a proportional relationship to the how the people acts upon the coastal hazards.
For example, people in high income countries will be better prepared due to the high end technologies. Hard engineering such as sea walls and groynes are used to prevent flooding as strong walls are constructed directly from the sea, therefore little chance of harm to the local residents.
Whereas people in low income countries will be more vulnerable to coastal hazards due to a lack of resources. Houses that are often made of substandard materials such as cardboard and plastic can be destroyed easily. Moreover, poor economic status means that people will have inadequate protection against the flooding as a results of higher chance of overflooding to the surrounding areas.
Suggest the social reasons why the council is prepared to spend money on maintaining the defences in Penzance. [4]
From the photograph above, we can clearly see that Penzance is a tourist destination as the hotels are connected on a same street. Therefore the council is prepared to spend money on maintaining the coastal defences as tourism is clearly a large part of the city’s income. It also provides many jobs for the local residents. Therefore the upgrade of coastal defences is aimed to prevent the loss of businesses. Apart from this, it also tells us that the sea walls looks to be quite old from the photograph. Therefore it can be costly to replace a new one. But it’s worth it as the long term benefits overweigh the cost as the tourists are providing income for the city continuously through a range of services.
Low tariff questions
5387, 1.3km
pie chart
every 50 years
