Development And Resources Issues

Question 1

What is global development?

Answer 1

A standard living which affects the world’s countries

Question 2

What affects the world development levels?

Answer 2

LICs and HICs

Question 3

What is development continuum?

Answer 3

The linear scale showing the path to development running from LICs to HICs

Question 4

What’s is development gap?

Answer 4

The divide between the rich and the poor

Question 5

What’s the working conditions like in LICs?

Answer 5

Informal jobs - they have no set hours or wages, unhealthy working environment and pay little or no tax. Informal jobs often require no skills, and little money to set up, offer no protection to the workers for example: street sellers, minibus drivers

Question 6

What’s the working conditions in HICs like?

Answer 6

Formal jobs - set hours, monthly wage, good working environment and they pay tax

Question 7

What the consequence of development gap?

Answer 7

international migration - people may move to more developed countries(UK, USA) as their country has a poor living standards(Nigeria, Kenya)

Lack of social opportunities - children in poorer areas get stuck in poverty with little or no chance of working their way out.

inequalities - can lead to political instability as civils wars and riots are more likely when the rich are far richer than the poor

limited resources - a poor country with a high population can lead to the shortage of water, food and social facilities such as healthcare and education.

Question 8

Why is the world unevenly developed?

Answer 8

Human factors: conflict, political instability

Physical factors: climate, relief(shape of lands) and natural hazards

Question 9

What phrase best describes the development of India?

Answer 9

NIC(newly industrialized country)

Question 10

Why do people move to Mumbai?

Answer 10

It provides lots of opportunities:

Social - better housing and services

Economic - more jobs and higher wages

Environmental - better living conditions with a safer environment(less chance of natural hazards)

Question 11

What are the challenges that Mumbai is facing?

Answer 11

Social - poor housing conditions and crime in slums area

Economic - low wages or employment in poorer quarters

Environmental sanitation - polluted drinking water and a lack of sanitation in some areas

Question 12

Why is squatter settlements a problem in Mumbai?

Answer 12

Overcrowded, noisy and smelly

Houses are made from cardboard, wood and plastic sheeting

Lack of Sanitation and clean drinking water

Open sewers

Pollution and disease are common

Thousands people are employed in the informal sector

Question 13

What is the north south divide?

Answer 13

A divide of rich and poor, rich represents South East of England(e.g London and Milton Keynes)whereas poor represent the rest.

Question 14

What is HS2?

Answer 14

A new high speed rail that is able to run between London and Birmingham, Manchester and Leeds. It reduces the journey time massively between some of the countries largest cities and create economic benefits and thousands of jobs.

Question 15

What are the positive impacts of HS2?

Answer 15

Attracts investments from MNCs(e.g Channel 4 has set up a new headquarter in Leeds since HS2 was built) — Multiplier effects along the HS2 route

Reduces the economic gap — as the travel time reduces massively, people from north have the opportunities to get jobs in London.

HS2 frees up capacity therefore Reduces overcrowding on the existing roads

Question 16

What are the negative impacts of HS2?

Answer 16

The cost of HS2 continues to rise, with initially £56 billion but now over £100 billion

Environmental damages — built through people’s houses and communities

Question 17

What are the advantages that tourism brings in LICs?

Answer 17

Increases the countries GDP

Jobs are created in tourism services such as hotel

Infrastructures are improved such as water and sanitation facilities, roads, buses, taxis and airports are provided for tourists

Overall, tourism can be a significant part of a LICs income.

Question 18

What are the disadvantages that tourism brings to the LICs?

Answer 18

Pollution and disruption to wildlife habitats may occur if tourism isn’t sustainable

Money spent on services such as hotel may leek back to the country where MNC is located

Resources may be cut down on the local people such as water.

Question 19

what is enclave tourism?

Answer 19

All activities are planned with the same area, providing tourists with varied entertainments without being to travel further

Question 20

What are the advantages of enclave tourism?

Answer 20

It provides tourists with any needs without having to travel further

Growth of Informal economy — for examples, tourists may buy souvenir from a local shop, therefore increases GDP per capita of the country

Question 21

What are the disadvantages of enclave tourism?

Answer 21

It separates with the rest of the population therefore wouldn’t benefit local people

Resources are used up by tourists in facilities such as hotel therefore cut down the resources on locals.

Question 22

To what extent do the opportunities in cities in LIC outweigh the challenge [8]

Answer 22

To some extent the opportunities outweigh the challenges in cities in LIC. For example, Mumbai. Mumbai has grew from a little settlement to now a world’s important financial center and still continuing developing at a very fast speed. Even though, it is not an official capital city in India but Mumbai is still considered as a major center by many people as it has so much potential. For example, Mumbai has an extremely good education system. As the city runs more than 1000 free primary and secondary schools with a world’s renowned university - Indian Institute of Technology(IIT)

Secondly, many of the India’s transnational companies are based in Mumbai such as State Bank of India, Reliance and Tata. This drives the economy forward as it creates so many more jobs.

Lastly, Mumbai is home for specialized technological industries. For instance, aerospace, optical engineering, medical research and computers etc. It is a place with countless advanced technologies which makes Mumbai simply one of the best cities in India.

However, we mustn’t ignore the challenges that Mumbai is facing while developing. Mumbai, just like other cities in India, has a poor social infrastructure in some areas. For example, still a huge part of population live in slums. According to the statistics, almost 1 million people densely packed in a tiny 2.4km2 slum area also known as Dharavi. This is a serious problem as overcrowding means diseases spread very easily such as malaria and plagues. An average of 4000 cases are carried out per day just within Dharavi according to the hospitals.

Even though Mumbai is the city with one of the best transport systems in India, road congestions still happen everywhere. Due to many people live far away from their work, majority rely on the public transports. As a result, buses and trains are crammed every single day and night. At the peak time, traffic congestion can last several hours.

Last, according to the data, that at least 650 million of water is lost everyday through old and leaking pipes. This creates a huge loss for the local residents as well as the entire city knowing that the slum dwellers spend averagely about 20% of their income on water where they have less money to spend on other essential daily needs.

Overall, in my opinion, despite Mumbai is growing every second, the basic problems need to be solved immediately. So it can develop at every aspect, not only just financially.