Social Development

Question 1

Are social relationships predictive of mortality?

Answer 1

Yes, our social relationships help us live longer.

Question 2

What is attachment?

Answer 2

-Enduring emotional tie
Between caregiver and child
-Attachment forms throughout the infant’s first year,
and beyond
-No requirement of constant contact with caregiver

Question 3

What are the functions of attachment?

Answer 3

-Alleviates distress
-Promotes exploration

Question 4

What are the signs of attachment?

Answer 4

-Separation anxiety or stranger anxiety
-Seeking comfort and they’re happy to see them, secure base to explore
-universal 6-12 months

Question 5

What are patterns we see related to separation anxiety across cultures?

Answer 5

-It’s universal
-15 months in peak where they don’t want to be away from caregiver

Question 6

Why do infants become so dependent on their caregivers?

Answer 6

Psychoanalytic theory
-Baby becomes attached to mother because she satisfies basic needs
(oral stage, hunger drive)
-Behaviorism or learning theory
-Babies become attached to caregivers through process of reinforcement: caregivers meet babies’ needs (hunger, relief from discomfort)

Question 7

what is Psychoanalytic theory?

Answer 7

baby becomes attached to mother because she satisfies basic needs
(oral stage, hunger drive)

Question 8

what is Behaviorism or learning theory?

Answer 8

Babies become attached to caregivers through process of reinforcement: caregivers meet babies’ needs (hunger, relief from discomfort)

Question 9

What’s the common theme between the theories?

Answer 9

Feeding (does not REALLY corrolate)

Question 10

What do Harlow’s Monkey studies show?

Answer 10

All monkey’s spent more time with cloth “mom” when stressed. Feeding doesn’t matter to attach.

Question 11

What does Lorenz’s work show?

Answer 11

the principle of attachment, or imprinting, through which in some species a bond is formed between a newborn animal and its caregiver.
-its to make sure infants are cared for and protected.

Question 12

What is meant by secure attachment?

Answer 12

infant’s needs are sensitively and
consistently met; their signals elicit a reaction; they are
effectively soothed by caregiver

Question 13

What is meant by insecure attachment?

Answer 13

infant’s needs are not consistently
met, or not sensitively met; their signals may or may not elicit
a reaction; they are not effectively soothed by caregiver

Question 14

What is an internal working model?

Answer 14

a mental representation of the self, of attachment figures, and of relationships in general (

Question 15

Do all infants become attached to caregiver?

Answer 15

yes

Question 16

How do peer relationships develop?

Answer 16

working together, common goals, cliques/crowds

Question 17

What are early and later friendships like?

Answer 17

Early friendships
-Someone who likes to play the same games, activities, etc.
Later friendships
-Someone you can trust, who has your back, who understands you
and listens and self-discloses

Question 18

How does infant attachment impact later relationships?

Answer 18

Secure Attachment in infancy is associated with:
-Higher self esteem and confidence
-More cooperative, better problem-solvers, better later relationships

Question 19

Can attachment style be altered?

Answer 19

We CAN overcome initial insecure attachments

Question 20

What are some of the key summary points about human development?

Answer 20

-Relationships are a major context of human development
-Humans have evolved to seek and form attachment
relationships
-Quality of early attachments predicts qualities of later
relationships