Social Development Flashcards
Are social relationships predictive of mortality?
Yes, our social relationships help us live longer.
What is attachment?
-Enduring emotional tie
Between caregiver and child
-Attachment forms throughout the infant’s first year,
and beyond
-No requirement of constant contact with caregiver
What are the functions of attachment?
-Alleviates distress
-Promotes exploration
What are the signs of attachment?
-Separation anxiety or stranger anxiety
-Seeking comfort and they’re happy to see them, secure base to explore
-universal 6-12 months
What are patterns we see related to separation anxiety across cultures?
-It’s universal
-15 months in peak where they don’t want to be away from caregiver
Why do infants become so dependent on their caregivers?
Psychoanalytic theory
-Baby becomes attached to mother because she satisfies basic needs
(oral stage, hunger drive)
-Behaviorism or learning theory
-Babies become attached to caregivers through process of reinforcement: caregivers meet babies’ needs (hunger, relief from discomfort)
what is Psychoanalytic theory?
baby becomes attached to mother because she satisfies basic needs
(oral stage, hunger drive)
what is Behaviorism or learning theory?
Babies become attached to caregivers through process of reinforcement: caregivers meet babies’ needs (hunger, relief from discomfort)
What’s the common theme between the theories?
Feeding (does not REALLY corrolate)
What do Harlow’s Monkey studies show?
All monkey’s spent more time with cloth “mom” when stressed. Feeding doesn’t matter to attach.
What does Lorenz’s work show?
the principle of attachment, or imprinting, through which in some species a bond is formed between a newborn animal and its caregiver.
-its to make sure infants are cared for and protected.
What is meant by secure attachment?
infant’s needs are sensitively and
consistently met; their signals elicit a reaction; they are
effectively soothed by caregiver
What is meant by insecure attachment?
infant’s needs are not consistently
met, or not sensitively met; their signals may or may not elicit
a reaction; they are not effectively soothed by caregiver
What is an internal working model?
a mental representation of the self, of attachment figures, and of relationships in general (
Do all infants become attached to caregiver?
yes
How do peer relationships develop?
working together, common goals, cliques/crowds
What are early and later friendships like?
Early friendships
-Someone who likes to play the same games, activities, etc.
Later friendships
-Someone you can trust, who has your back, who understands you
and listens and self-discloses
How does infant attachment impact later relationships?
Secure Attachment in infancy is associated with:
-Higher self esteem and confidence
-More cooperative, better problem-solvers, better later relationships
Can attachment style be altered?
We CAN overcome initial insecure attachments
What are some of the key summary points about human development?
-Relationships are a major context of human development
-Humans have evolved to seek and form attachment
relationships
-Quality of early attachments predicts qualities of later
relationships
