Cognitive Development Flashcards
hat were some of the beliefs that Piaget had about kids?
-He believed kids were actively constructing knowledge through interaction with their enviornment
-Kids are inherently curious.
-Both nature and nurture are important
According to Piaget, what are the four stages of cognitive development? What is occurring in each stage?
Sensorimotor(0-2) Object permanence and exploring with five senses.
What is cognition? What is cognitive development?
the study of how
children acquire the ability to learn, think, communicate, and remember
Sensorimotor stage?
(0-2) Object permanence and exploring with five senses.
Preoperational stage?
(2-6) Child uses symbols to represent, can pretend, child is egocentric during this stage. ex. bannana for phone
Concrete stage?
(7-12) Child can think logically and understands conservation
What is object permanence? According to Piaget, when does this capacity develop?
The knowledge that objects continue to exist even when not currently in view
(8-12 months this happens)
What is the A-not-B task (or error)?
When you switch where the toys are, the babies don’t know where it is.
According to Rene Baillargeon, what do babies understand about objects by about 3.5 months?
Violation of Expectation Paradigm, (3.5 months) baby stared longer at the block because the train couldnt go through it. (some understanding)
What are conservation tasks? How do younger vs. older kids perform on conservation tasks?
COQ- Number or amount stays the same despite changes in appearence
What is centration?
What is egocentrism?
Tendency to center on oneself or one’s
own point of view.When asked about what another individual can see, preschoolers tend to choose the
picture that matches their own perspective.
Theory of Mind, Wynn Task
The understanding that others can have knowledge, beliefs, desires, intentions, or perspectives that differ from one’s own
- Self as distinct from other
- Mental state language
- Reasoning about mental states
How do preschoolers do on the 3-mountain problem?
They thought everyone had their point of view of the mountains.
What is a false belief task?
- The pencils in the M&M box
-What will David thinks when he opens it? M&Ms or pencils? Some will say pencils (theory of mind)
What are the different reasons for false belief failures at younger ages?
Egocentrism, Task Demands, Weak Inhibitory Control, Language Development
What do we know about the brains of adolescents compared to children? Do adolescents still take risks?
Prefrontal cortex is more fully developed in adolescents than in
children, yet adolescents sometimes make poorer decisions than children. This is because of rewards. (including peers around)
What is the Sociocultural theory proposed by Lev Vygotsky?
proposed that social interaction drives early learning and forms the basis for developmental changes in cognitive skills and knowledge. (play is good)
