Cognitive Development

Question 1

hat were some of the beliefs that Piaget had about kids?

Answer 1

-He believed kids were actively constructing knowledge through interaction with their enviornment
-Kids are inherently curious.
-Both nature and nurture are important

Question 2

According to Piaget, what are the four stages of cognitive development? What is occurring in each stage?

Answer 2

Sensorimotor(0-2) Object permanence and exploring with five senses.

Question 3

What is cognition? What is cognitive development?

Answer 3

the study of how
children acquire the ability to learn, think, communicate, and remember

Question 4

Sensorimotor stage?

Answer 4

(0-2) Object permanence and exploring with five senses.

Question 5

Preoperational stage?

Answer 5

(2-6) Child uses symbols to represent, can pretend, child is egocentric during this stage. ex. bannana for phone

Question 6

Concrete stage?

Answer 6

(7-12) Child can think logically and understands conservation

Question 7

What is object permanence? According to Piaget, when does this capacity develop?

Answer 7

The knowledge that objects continue to exist even when not currently in view
(8-12 months this happens)

Question 8

What is the A-not-B task (or error)?

Answer 8

When you switch where the toys are, the babies don’t know where it is.

Question 9

According to Rene Baillargeon, what do babies understand about objects by about 3.5 months?

Answer 9

Violation of Expectation Paradigm, (3.5 months) baby stared longer at the block because the train couldnt go through it. (some understanding)

Question 10

What are conservation tasks? How do younger vs. older kids perform on conservation tasks?

Answer 10

COQ- Number or amount stays the same despite changes in appearence

Question 11

What is centration?

Question 12

What is egocentrism?

Answer 12

Tendency to center on oneself or one’s
own point of view.When asked about what another individual can see, preschoolers tend to choose the
picture that matches their own perspective.

Question 13

Theory of Mind, Wynn Task

Answer 13

The understanding that others can have knowledge, beliefs, desires, intentions, or perspectives that differ from one’s own
- Self as distinct from other
- Mental state language
- Reasoning about mental states

Question 14

How do preschoolers do on the 3-mountain problem?

Answer 14

They thought everyone had their point of view of the mountains.

Question 15

What is a false belief task?

Answer 15

• The pencils in the M&M box
  -What will David thinks when he opens it? M&Ms or pencils? Some will say pencils (theory of mind)

Question 16

What are the different reasons for false belief failures at younger ages?

Answer 16

Egocentrism, Task Demands, Weak Inhibitory Control, Language Development

Question 17

What do we know about the brains of adolescents compared to children? Do adolescents still take risks?

Answer 17

Prefrontal cortex is more fully developed in adolescents than in
children, yet adolescents sometimes make poorer decisions than children. This is because of rewards. (including peers around)

Question 18

What is the Sociocultural theory proposed by Lev Vygotsky?

Answer 18

proposed that social interaction drives early learning and forms the basis for developmental changes in cognitive skills and knowledge. (play is good)