Intelligence/Individual Differences 2

Question 1

Charles Spearman

Answer 1

• “Positive Manifold”
• General intelligence (g)
• Factor analysis
  basically said “g” is similarity in our performance in lots of different cognitive tasks

Question 2

Alfred Binet

Answer 2

• Sorted the kids in grades
• Measuring Mental Age
  -He asked them questions on things they should know by their age
• William Sterns IQ test =(Mental/Chronological)* 100

Question 3

David Wechsler

Answer 3

• Army Alpha Project
  (wanted to see how smart the people who didn’t speak english were)
• Verbal vs Performance IQ (wanted to see difference)
• Wechsler intelligence scale (test is most commonly used to date)

Question 4

What is general intelligence - also called “g”?

Answer 4

• Came up with general intelligence which is the similarity in our performance in lots of different cognitive tasks

Question 5

In 2008, what was the most frequently given IQ test worldwide?

Answer 5

The WAIS

Question 6

What are the four components of a full-scale IQ?

Answer 6

• Verbal Comprehension scale, perceptual reasoning scale, working memory scale, processing speed scale

Question 7

How are verbal and perceptual reasoning skills different from each other?

Answer 7

Verbal - Vocabulary, similarities, information
Perceptual - Block Design, Matrix reasoning, visual puzzles

Question 8

What percentage of individuals in a population are considered gifted and intellectually disabled?

Answer 8

• The mean score is set to 100 at an early age
  BOTH disabled and gifted at 2.3%

Question 9

What is the difference between reliability and validity?

Answer 9

• Reliability refers to how consistent and stable the results are
• Validity refers how well a test actually measures what its created to measure.

Question 10

Is the WAIS-IV reliable and valid?

Answer 10

reliable: yes
valid: yes

Question 11

Are IQ scores stable over time?

Answer 11

When you reach age 10, becomes pretty stable

Question 12

How does IQ score change throughout your life?

Answer 12

Language, world topics, vocab goes up as you age.
- They decline as you age
- fluid declines as get older and crystalized increases

Question 13

What is a higher IQ positively related to? What career and social outcomes does it predict?

Answer 13

• It predicts obtaining a college degree
• Higher IQ’s averages get better jobs
• Higher IQ means you have a higher chance to not go to jail or get divorced

Question 14

What things in the environment can affect your IQ?

Answer 14

Neurotoxins: antenatal (alcohol), postnatal (lead)
Nutrition: general nutrition, breast feeding
Education: Early education Enrichment Programs (head start), schooling (1 to 2 IQ points per year)

Question 15

Flynn Effect?

Answer 15

Flynn Effect: IQ is industrialized countries has been rising by 3-4 points every 10 years.
Possible causes: improved nutrition, smaller families, more and better education, increased complexity of the modern world, increased test-taking sophistication