Social-Culture Issues 3.2 Flashcards
What is Blood Doping
- Increases RBC count
- More RBC = higher Haemoglobin count
- Extra o2 transported to working to muscles
- Involves 2 pints of blood
- Blood is frozen, re-injected
What is PED
Anabolic Steroids
-Allows athletes to train for harder and longer
Beta Blockers
-Control heart rate and keeps athletes calm
Stimulants
-Increase Alertness
Advantages of Legal Supplements
+ Dietary Supplements can build muscle
+ Staying Hydrated can benefit performance
Disadvantages of Legal Supplements
- Some supplements may contain banned substances
- High levels of sugar
Societal Consequences in Drug taking in Sport
- Society seen as corrupt - ‘win at all costs’
Sporting Consequences in Drug taking in Sport
- Concept of fait play
- Cheating
Performers Consequences in Drug taking in Sport
- Severe dangers to health
- Possible death
Strategies to stop using illegal Drugs in Sport
- WADA indicates banned substances
- Drug testing can be carried out frequently
Why is their violence in sport?
- Desire to Win
- Nature of activity
- Frustration of events
Violence implications in Sport
- If violence is tackles, the society violence should also be tackled
- spectators relish violence in some sports e.g. Boxing
Sporting Implications in Sport
- Governing bodies have own disciplinary process to ensure non-violent behaviour
- Rule changes
Performer’s implications in Sport
- Education of performers is important
- Responsible for actions/fair play
Strategies to prevent violence in Sport
- Education
- Punishments
- Law Enforcement
Match Fixing
-When sports competition is played to a completely or partly-predetermined sport
5 factors of Commercialisation in Sport
1) Growing Public Interest
2) Media Interest
3) Professionalism
4) Advertising
5) Sponsorship
Growing Public Interest effect on Commercialisation
- Increase in sporting activities for public
- growth in spectators
Media Interest effect on Commercialisation
-Events televised meaning sponsors want to sponsor participants
Professionalism effect on Commercialisation
-Pros more likely to have more sponsors
Advertising effect on Commercialisation
-presents opportunities to sell more goods
Sponsorship effect on Commercialisation
-increased publicity and more goods to be given to the performers
Spectatorship
-act of watching something without taking part, related to sports spectators
Sponsorship
-Support an event by providing money or goods
Positives to individuals of Commercialisation in Sport
- Sports can promote themselves, more participants
- More money = more/better facilities
Negatives to individuals of Commercialisation in Sport
- Less popular sports attract less sponsorship
- Female/Disabled events not favoured
Positives to Society of Commercialisation in Sport
-In UK sport is fair play and equal chance to participate
Negatives to Society of Commercialisation in Sport
-Some sportspeople more marketable then others
Positives to Performers of Commercialisation in Sport
- Performers can receive kit and equipment
- fund accommodation and travel
Negatives to Performers of Commercialisation in Sport
-pressure to perform well and secure sponsorship deals
Positives to Spectators of Commercialisation in Sport
- Commercially supported event more exciting
- Technology - VAR, Goal line tech
Negatives to Spectators of Commercialisation in Sport
- Lots of Adverts
- May spoil enjoyment and flow of sport e.g. NFL
Different types of Media in Sport
- Television
- Printed Press
- Radio
- Social Media
Reasons for change/advancement in Media since 1980s
- 1980s Sports reporters mainly male dominated
- Football hooliganism was rife
- Media coverage global
Effects of Media on Performers
+ Can raise profile
+ develop career
- Increased pressure
Effects of Media on Individual Sports
+ Raise Profile
+ Boost participation
+ Attract more funds
- Highlight negative aspects
Effects of Media on Spectators of Sports
+ increase number of people watching
+ Rules make sports more wider influence
- Provide negative coverage
Golden Triangle
- Media
- Sponsorship
- Sport
Commodity
-article that can be traded
UK sport
- organisation whose aim to develop UK sportsmen.
- Funded by Govt. and national lottery
5 Steps to UK developing individuals
1) identifying potential talent in sport
2) Supporting an athletes lifestyle
3) Supporting an athletes coaching
4) Supporting through science/medicine etc
5) Providing world class programme
3 phases in Identifying Potential talent
Phase 1
-Range of tests - physical/generic, analysis of athletes training
Phases 2-3
-tests in medicals, screening e.g. lifestyle workshops and behavioural assessments, 6-12 months plan
Main aim of UK Sport
- Invest money from National Lottery and Govt. to maximise performance of UK athletes
- Success measured by medals won
How does UK sport invest its money
- 70% of money
- to National governing bodies so World Class programme can take place
- funding athletes through Athlete performance award
Role of National Institutes in developing elite sport
- Provide sports science/tech to elite performers
- Work with coaches to help improve performance
Roles of Schools, Colleges and Clubs on Sport
- Provide PE and extra curricular activities
- Govt. supplies schools with funds to develop performers
- FA goes to schools
- Advanced sport apprenticeships/A levels
Roles of Universities on Sports
- Higher education of sports
- Access to facilities and more sporting opportunities
- Host centres of sporting excellence
Strategies to solve drop outs and failure rates from Development programmes
- Failure can lead to poor performances
- lifestyle help and support
- Make sure supplies are there
How is Modern Technology beneficial
- Assessing when someone has potential
- Prosthetics
- Hypoxic Chamber
- Improved infrastructure
Prosthetic
-Artificial advice that substitutes a detective part of the body
Hypoxic Chamber
-Sealed room that stimulates high altitudes
Precision Hydration
-monitoring of sodium ions during sweating
Drawbacks for Sports Technology
- Equipment expensive and led to inequality between performers
- Only top of range technology in first world countries
Impact of Modern Technology on Sports games
- Led to fairer results and removal of mistakes
- Can be controversial and takes away personal aspect
Advantages of Modern Technology
- Most sports use action replays
- VAR
- Hawk-eye
- Goal systems
Disadvantages of Modern Technology
- Feel under pressure (officials)
- Media highlights officials mistake
- Access can be limited
Advantages of Entertainment side of Modern Technology
- Increased entertainment, action replay
- Multiple camera angles
Disadvantages of Entertainment side of Modern Technology
- Performance analysed through motion-capture
- Could reduce people turning up for events
Gene Therapy
-use of genes and genetic elements to treat human disease
