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A level PE > Exercise Physiology 1.2c > Flashcards

Exercise Physiology 1.2c Flashcards

1
Q

Acute Injury?

A

-Happen suddenly after a stress to the body

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2
Q

Example of Acute Injury

A

-Fractured eye socket

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3
Q

Hard Tissue Injury?

A

-Damage to the bone, joint, cartilage

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4
Q

What is a Fracture? (Hard Tissue Injury)

A

-Partial or Complete break

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5
Q

Simple (Closed) Fracture?

A

-Skin remains unbroken

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6
Q

Compound (Open) Fracture?

A

-Where bone breaks through skin

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7
Q

Signs of a Fracture?

A
  • Deformity
  • Swelling
  • Discolouration
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8
Q

Symptoms of a Fracture?

A
  • Pain

- Inability to move injured area

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9
Q

What is Dislocation? (Hard Tissue Injury)

A

-Occurs from direct force (collision) or indirect force (a fall) pushing joint past extreme motion

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10
Q

What is Subluxation?

A

-Causes damage to ligaments and increases likelihood of recurrent dislocations

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11
Q

Signs of a Dislocation?

A
  • Deformity

- Swelling and Discolouration

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12
Q

Symptoms of Dislocation?

A
  • May feel a ‘pop’
  • Severe Pain
  • Loss of Movement
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13
Q

What is a Soft Tissue Injury?

A

-Involves damage to the skin, muscles, tendon

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14
Q

What is Contusion? (Soft tissue Injury)

A
  • Contusion is a bruise to the area of skin where blood vessels have became damaged
  • Can cause Haematoma
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15
Q

What is Haematoma? (Soft tissue Injury)

A

-Internal Bleeding, ranging from minor bruises

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16
Q

Signs of Contusion/Haematoma?

A
  • Swelling

- Discolouration

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17
Q

Symptoms of Contusion/Haemotoma?

A

-Pain (a touch in a minor case)

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18
Q

What is a Sprain? (Soft tissue Injury)

A

-Overstretch or tear in ligament

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19
Q

Sign of a sprain?

A
  • Swelling

- Bruising

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20
Q

Symptoms of a Sprain?

A
  • Inability to bear weight

- Pain

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21
Q

What is a Strain (Soft Tissue Injury)

A

-Overstretch or tear in muscle or tendon

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22
Q

Signs of a Strain?

A
  • Swelling

- Bruising

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23
Q

Symptoms of a Strain?

A

-Pain on Movement

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24
Q

What is Abrasion? (Soft tissue Injury)

A
  • Caused by falling/slipping

- Superficial damage to skin caused by scraping surface

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25
Q

Blister

A

-Separation of layers of skin where a pocket of fluid forms

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26
Q

Concussion

A

-Traumatic brain injury resulting in a disturbance of brain functions

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27
Q

Rupture

A

-A complete tear or muscle, tendon, ligament

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28
Q

What is Concussion?

A

-Traumatic brain injury resulting in disturbance of brain function

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29
Q

Signs of Concussion?

A
  • Possible post-traumatic seizure
  • Loss of Consciousness
  • Balance Problems
30
Q

Symptoms of Concussion?

A
  • Lying motionless/slow to get up
  • Headache dizziness
  • Visual Problems
31
Q

Chronic Injuries

A

-Develop repeated continued stress on body

32
Q

Stress Fracture (Hard tissue Injury)

A

-A tiny crack in the surface of a bone

33
Q

Shin Splints (Soft tissue Injury)

A

-chronic shin pain due to inflammation of the muscles

34
Q

Tendinosis (Soft tissue Injury)

A

-The detierioration of a tendon in response to overuse

35
Q

Signs of Tendinosis?

A

-Limited movements

36
Q

Symptoms of Tendinosis

A

-Burning/Stinging/Aching

37
Q

What is an Intrinsic Risk Factor?

A

-Force inside the body

38
Q

What is an Extrinsic Risk Factor?

A

-Force outside the body

39
Q

Intrinsic Risk Factors?

A
  • Previous injury
  • Age
  • Nutrition
  • Poor Preparation
40
Q

Extrinsic Risk Factors?

A
  • Poor Technique and Training
  • Incorrect clothing
  • Warm Up/Cool Down effectiveness
41
Q

4 Reasons why Warm Ups are used?

A

1) Raising Body Temperature
2) Preparing body Physiologically
3) Preparing body Psychologically
4) Minimising risk of Injury

42
Q

Effect of Warm Up - Raising Body Temperature?

A

-rise of 2-3 degrees increases enzyme activity, diffusion gradients, metabolic activity

43
Q

Effect of Warm Up - Preparing body Physiologically?

A

-Increases Elasticity of Muscles, tendons, ligaments

44
Q

Effect of Warm Up - Preparing body Psychologically?

A

-Mentally Performers are ready for task ahead

45
Q

Effect of Warm Up - Minimising risk of Injury?

A

-Less likely to suffer strains/sprains

46
Q

Key Features of a Warm Up?

A
  • Lasts 20-45 Mins
  • Gradually increases in intensity
  • Pulse Raising/Stretching/Mobility
47
Q

3 Reasons why Cool Downs are used?

A

1) Maintaining Heart Rate
2) Aiding removal of lactic acid
3) Aiding healing process

48
Q

Effect of Cool Down - Maintaining Heart Rate?

A

-maintain blood flow and metabolic activity

49
Q

Effect of Cool Down - Aiding removal of lactic acid

A

-enhancing future performances

50
Q

Effect of Cool Down - Aiding healing process

A

-Helps heal

51
Q

Key Features of a Cool Down?

A
  • Lasts 20-30 Minutes
  • Gradually decreases in intensity
  • Several stages - moderate intensity, maintain HR
52
Q

Debates of Warm Up and Cool Down

A
  • has no effect on injury prevention
  • May reduce peak force
  • Reduces eccentric strength by 9%
53
Q

What is SALTAPS

A

-Protocol for assessment of sporting injury

54
Q

SALTAPS

A 
STOP
ASK
LOOK
TOUCH
ACTIVE MOVEMENT
PASSIVE MOVEMENT
STRENGTH TESTING
55
Q

What is PRICE

A

-Protocol for treatment of acute injuries

56
Q

PRICE

A
  • PROTECT
  • REST
  • ICE
  • COMPRESS
  • ELEVATE
57
Q

What is Six R’s

A

-Protocol for recognition of concussion

58
Q

Six R’s

A
  • RECOGNISE
  • REMOVE
  • REFER
  • REST
  • RECOVER
  • RETURN
59
Q

What is Rehabilitation?

A

-process of restoring full function after injury has occurred

60
Q

3 stages of Rehabilitation?

A

1) Early Stage - gentle exercise
2) Mid Stage - progressive loading of connective tissues
3) Late Stage - functional exercises and drills

61
Q

Treatment of a Simple Fracture?

A
  • Medical Attention ASAP
  • PRICE
  • Immobilisation
  • NSAIDS
62
Q

What is NSAIDS?

A

-medication taken to reduce inflammation temperature and pain

63
Q

Physiotherapy?

A

-Physical treatment of injuries and diseases using treatment, massages

64
Q

Treatment of a Stress Fracture?

A
  • Medical Attention required
  • PRICE
  • Rest for 2 weeks
65
Q

Treatment for Dislocation?

A
  • Medical Attention ASAP
  • Immobilisation
  • PRICE
66
Q

Treatment for Sprain?

A
  • Medical Attention
  • PRICE
  • Exercise to strengthen
67
Q

Treatment for Torn Cartilage?

A
  • Medical Attention
  • PRICE
  • Physiotherapy
68
Q

Treatment for Exercise?

A
  • Cold Therapy

- Massage

69
Q

Arthroscopy?

A

-Minimal invasive procedure to examine and repair damage within a joint

70
Q

Massage?

A

-Physical therapy used for injury prevention and soft tissue injury treatment

71
Q

Cold Therapy?

A

-Applying ice or cold to an injury for therapeutic effect

A level PE (13 decks)

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