Exercise Physiology 1.2c Flashcards
Acute Injury?
-Happen suddenly after a stress to the body
Example of Acute Injury
-Fractured eye socket
Hard Tissue Injury?
-Damage to the bone, joint, cartilage
What is a Fracture? (Hard Tissue Injury)
-Partial or Complete break
Simple (Closed) Fracture?
-Skin remains unbroken
Compound (Open) Fracture?
-Where bone breaks through skin
Signs of a Fracture?
- Deformity
- Swelling
- Discolouration
Symptoms of a Fracture?
- Pain
- Inability to move injured area
What is Dislocation? (Hard Tissue Injury)
-Occurs from direct force (collision) or indirect force (a fall) pushing joint past extreme motion
What is Subluxation?
-Causes damage to ligaments and increases likelihood of recurrent dislocations
Signs of a Dislocation?
- Deformity
- Swelling and Discolouration
Symptoms of Dislocation?
- May feel a ‘pop’
- Severe Pain
- Loss of Movement
What is a Soft Tissue Injury?
-Involves damage to the skin, muscles, tendon
What is Contusion? (Soft tissue Injury)
- Contusion is a bruise to the area of skin where blood vessels have became damaged
- Can cause Haematoma
What is Haematoma? (Soft tissue Injury)
-Internal Bleeding, ranging from minor bruises
Signs of Contusion/Haematoma?
- Swelling
- Discolouration
Symptoms of Contusion/Haemotoma?
-Pain (a touch in a minor case)
What is a Sprain? (Soft tissue Injury)
-Overstretch or tear in ligament
Sign of a sprain?
- Swelling
- Bruising
Symptoms of a Sprain?
- Inability to bear weight
- Pain
What is a Strain (Soft Tissue Injury)
-Overstretch or tear in muscle or tendon
Signs of a Strain?
- Swelling
- Bruising
Symptoms of a Strain?
-Pain on Movement
What is Abrasion? (Soft tissue Injury)
- Caused by falling/slipping
- Superficial damage to skin caused by scraping surface
Blister
-Separation of layers of skin where a pocket of fluid forms
Concussion
-Traumatic brain injury resulting in a disturbance of brain functions
Rupture
-A complete tear or muscle, tendon, ligament
What is Concussion?
-Traumatic brain injury resulting in disturbance of brain function
Signs of Concussion?
- Possible post-traumatic seizure
- Loss of Consciousness
- Balance Problems
Symptoms of Concussion?
- Lying motionless/slow to get up
- Headache dizziness
- Visual Problems
Chronic Injuries
-Develop repeated continued stress on body
Stress Fracture (Hard tissue Injury)
-A tiny crack in the surface of a bone
Shin Splints (Soft tissue Injury)
-chronic shin pain due to inflammation of the muscles
Tendinosis (Soft tissue Injury)
-The detierioration of a tendon in response to overuse
Signs of Tendinosis?
-Limited movements
Symptoms of Tendinosis
-Burning/Stinging/Aching
What is an Intrinsic Risk Factor?
-Force inside the body
What is an Extrinsic Risk Factor?
-Force outside the body
Intrinsic Risk Factors?
- Previous injury
- Age
- Nutrition
- Poor Preparation
Extrinsic Risk Factors?
- Poor Technique and Training
- Incorrect clothing
- Warm Up/Cool Down effectiveness
4 Reasons why Warm Ups are used?
1) Raising Body Temperature
2) Preparing body Physiologically
3) Preparing body Psychologically
4) Minimising risk of Injury
Effect of Warm Up - Raising Body Temperature?
-rise of 2-3 degrees increases enzyme activity, diffusion gradients, metabolic activity
Effect of Warm Up - Preparing body Physiologically?
-Increases Elasticity of Muscles, tendons, ligaments
Effect of Warm Up - Preparing body Psychologically?
-Mentally Performers are ready for task ahead
Effect of Warm Up - Minimising risk of Injury?
-Less likely to suffer strains/sprains
Key Features of a Warm Up?
- Lasts 20-45 Mins
- Gradually increases in intensity
- Pulse Raising/Stretching/Mobility
3 Reasons why Cool Downs are used?
1) Maintaining Heart Rate
2) Aiding removal of lactic acid
3) Aiding healing process
Effect of Cool Down - Maintaining Heart Rate?
-maintain blood flow and metabolic activity
Effect of Cool Down - Aiding removal of lactic acid
-enhancing future performances
Effect of Cool Down - Aiding healing process
-Helps heal
Key Features of a Cool Down?
- Lasts 20-30 Minutes
- Gradually decreases in intensity
- Several stages - moderate intensity, maintain HR
Debates of Warm Up and Cool Down
- has no effect on injury prevention
- May reduce peak force
- Reduces eccentric strength by 9%
What is SALTAPS
-Protocol for assessment of sporting injury
SALTAPS
STOP ASK LOOK TOUCH ACTIVE MOVEMENT PASSIVE MOVEMENT STRENGTH TESTING
What is PRICE
-Protocol for treatment of acute injuries
PRICE
- PROTECT
- REST
- ICE
- COMPRESS
- ELEVATE
What is Six R’s
-Protocol for recognition of concussion
Six R’s
- RECOGNISE
- REMOVE
- REFER
- REST
- RECOVER
- RETURN
What is Rehabilitation?
-process of restoring full function after injury has occurred
3 stages of Rehabilitation?
1) Early Stage - gentle exercise
2) Mid Stage - progressive loading of connective tissues
3) Late Stage - functional exercises and drills
Treatment of a Simple Fracture?
- Medical Attention ASAP
- PRICE
- Immobilisation
- NSAIDS
What is NSAIDS?
-medication taken to reduce inflammation temperature and pain
Physiotherapy?
-Physical treatment of injuries and diseases using treatment, massages
Treatment of a Stress Fracture?
- Medical Attention required
- PRICE
- Rest for 2 weeks
Treatment for Dislocation?
- Medical Attention ASAP
- Immobilisation
- PRICE
Treatment for Sprain?
- Medical Attention
- PRICE
- Exercise to strengthen
Treatment for Torn Cartilage?
- Medical Attention
- PRICE
- Physiotherapy
Treatment for Exercise?
- Cold Therapy
- Massage
Arthroscopy?
-Minimal invasive procedure to examine and repair damage within a joint
Massage?
-Physical therapy used for injury prevention and soft tissue injury treatment
Cold Therapy?
-Applying ice or cold to an injury for therapeutic effect
