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A level PE > Anatomy and Physiology 1.1c > Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology 1.1c Flashcards

1
Q

What is ATP made out of?

A
  • One adenosine Molecule
  • Three Phosphate Groups
  • Held by chemical compounds
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2
Q

How is ATP used?

A

-Readily available (stored in muscle cell)

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3
Q

How is ATP broken down and used?

A
  • Energy stored in bond between last two phosphates
  • Bond broken by ATPase
  • Energy released causing muscle cell contract causing movement
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4
Q

Reaction and Equation for ATP breakdown

A
  • Coupled reaction - broken down and resynthesised

- ATP -> ADP + P + energy

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5
Q

Three energy systems used for resynthesis

A
  • ATP-PC system
  • Glycolytic
  • Aerobic
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6
Q

What is the three energy systems dependent on?

A

-Intensity of exercise and two systems can work at same time

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7
Q

Controlling Enzymes for ATP-PC System

A

-Creatine Kinase

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8
Q

Controlling Enzymes for Glycolytic System

A
  • GPP
  • Phosphofructokinase (PFK)
  • Lactate Dehydgrogenase (LDH)
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9
Q

Controlling Enzymes for Aerobic System

A
  • Phosphofructokinase

- Acetyl-CoA

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10
Q

Energy Yield For three Aerobic systems

A

ATP-PC System - 1 mole of ATP
Glycolytic System - 2 Moles of ATP
Aerobic System - 38 Moles of ATP

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11
Q

Specific Stages of ATP-PC system

A
  • PC -> P+C+Energy (Exothermic)

- Energy+ADP+P -> ATP (Endothermic)

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12
Q

Specific Stages of Glycolytic System

A
  • Glucose undergoes Anaerobic Glycolysis

- Pyruvic acid/without O2 -> Lactic Acid

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13
Q

Specific Stages of Aerobic System

A
  • Aerobic Glycolysis
  • KREBS cycle
  • ETC
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14
Q

By Products formed of three Energy systems

A

ATP-PC -> None
Glycolytic -> Lactic Acid
Aerobic System -> Co2 + H2o

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15
Q

Intensity of Three Energy Systems

A

ATP-PC -> Very high/Maximal
Glycolytic -> High Intensity
Aerobic -> Moderate/Low

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16
Q

Durations of Three Energy Systems

A

ATP-PC -> 2-10 Seconds
Glycolytic -> Up to 3 minutes
Aerobic -> 3 minutes onwards

17
Q

Strengths of the ATP-PC System

A
  • No delay for O2
  • PC readily available
  • simple breakdown
  • No by products
18
Q

Strengths of the Glycolytic System

A
  • No Delay for O2
  • Large fuel stores in muscles
  • Lactic Acid can be recycled
19
Q

Strengths of the Aerobic System

A
  • Large Fuels e.g Triglycerides, Glucose
  • High ATP yield
  • Long duration of Energy Production
20
Q

Weaknesses of ATP-PC System

A
  • Low ATP yield

- Small PC stores lead to rapid fatigue

21
Q

Weaknesses of Glycolytic System

A
  • Lactic Acid reduces pH and enzyme activity

- Recovery can be lengthy

22
Q

Weaknesses of Aerobic System

A
  • Delay for Oxygen delivery
  • Complex
  • Sub-Maximal Intenisity
23
Q

Energy Continuum

A

Relative Contribution of each energy system to overall energy production

24
Q

Intermittent Exercise

A

Activity where intensity alternates

25
Q

Myoglobin

A

A protein molecule that, similar to haemoglobin helps transport oxygen

26
Q

EPOC

A

Volume of Oxygen consumed post-exercise to return body to pre-exercise state

27
Q

The recovery process two stages

A
  • Fast alactacid Component

- Slow lactacid Component

28
Q

What two stages occur in Fast Alactacid Component

A
  • PC stores restored

- Replenishment of blood and muscle oxygen

29
Q

Time to replenish PC stored in Fast Alactacid System

A
  • 3 minutes to fully recover
  • 30 Seconds - 50%
  • 60 Seconds - 75%
  • Requires 4 litres of Oxygen
30
Q

How does Replenishment of blood and muscle oxygen occur during Fast Alactacid System

A

-First Minute - oxygen resaturates the blood

31
Q

Three Stages of the Slow Lactacid Component

A
  • Elevated Ventilation
  • Elevated Body temperature
  • Removal of Lactic Acid
32
Q

Elevated ventilation effect on Slow Lactacid component

A
  • Depth and HR become Elevated

- Gradually decrease to resting levels

33
Q

Elevated body temperature effect on Slow Lactacid component

A
  • Elevated temperature increases metabolic rate

- 60-70% of EPOC

34
Q

Removal of Lactic Acid effect on Slow Lactacid component

A
  • 50% converted to pyruvic acid - enters KREBS
  • 10% converted back to glucose and glycohen
  • Removed via sweating and urine
35
Q

7 Implications of Recovery on training

A

1) Warm Up
2) Active Recovery
3) Cooling Aids
4) Intensity of training
5) Work:Relief Ratios
6) Strategies and Tactics
7) Nutrition

A level PE (13 decks)

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