Social & Cultural Diversity

Question 1

Dollard/Miller hypothesis

Answer 1

asserts that frustration leads to aggression

Question 2

Festinger’s Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Answer 2

people strive for consistency/balance in terms of their belief system; individuals attempt to reduce inconsistent actions and beliefs

Question 3

Mores

Answer 3

Are beliefs and social customs regarding the rightness or wrongness of behavior

Question 4

First pioneer to focus heavily on sociocultural issues

Answer 4

Frank Parsons

Question 5

Social Distance scale

Answer 5

evaluated how an individual felt toward other ethnic groups

Question 6

Third Culture Kid (TCK)

Answer 6

describes children raised in a culture that is different than their parents’ culture during their formative years

Question 7

Ethnocentrism

Answer 7

uses one’s own culture as a yardstick to measure all others; conveys the notion of superiority

Question 8

Acculturation

Answer 8

minorities integrate or adopt cultural beliefs and customs from the dominant culture

Question 9

Assimilation

Answer 9

occurs when such a high level of acculturation happens and they become a part of the dominant culture

Question 10

Social exchange theory

Answer 10

a relationship will endure if the rewards are greater than the costs

Question 11

Terminal drop/decline

Answer 11

a dramatic decrease in intellectual functioning, usually center around verbal skills; only occurs during the last 5 years of life

Question 12

Emic

Answer 12

an insider’s perception of the culture; each client is an individual with individual differences

Question 13

Etic

Answer 13

humans are humans; the same theories and techniques can be applied to any client ; universalism perspectives that transcends cultural boundaries

Question 14

Autoplastic method of coping

Answer 14

change comes from the self such as thoughts and behaviors

Question 15

Alloplastic method of coping

Answer 15

the client can cope best by changing or altering external factors in the environment (such as rebelling)

Question 16

Ambivalent transference

Answer 16

occurs when the client rapidly shifts their emotional attitude toward the counselor based learning and experiences related to authority figures from the past

Question 17

Personalism (multicult counseling)

Answer 17

all people must adjust to environmental and geological demands

Question 18

Sleeper effect

Answer 18

after a period of time, one forgets the communicator but remembers the message

Question 19

Who is Stanley Milgram?

Answer 19

a psychologist associated with obedience and authority; shock experiment

Question 20

Congruity theory

Answer 20

an individual will accept suggestion more readily if they like the person suggesting the concept

Question 21

Sleeper effect

Answer 21

asserts that after a period of time, one forgets the communicator but remembers the message

Question 22

Who is Stanley Milgram?

Answer 22

noted psychologist associated with obedience and authority; experiment involving electrical shocks

Question 23

Congruity theory

Answer 23

an individual is more like to accept a suggestion if you like the person suggesting it

Question 24

Paralanguage

Answer 24

part of the study of nonverbal communication considered more accurate than verbal communication; client’s tone, volume, inflections and speed must be considered

Question 25

Androgyny

Answer 25

the notion that psychologically healthy people possess masculine and feminine characteristics

Question 26

Social comparison theory

Answer 26

we evaluate our behaviors and accomplishments by comparing ourselves to others

Question 27

Leon Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory

Answer 27

individuals will change their beliefs to match their behaviors when there's a mismatch.