Career Development

Question 1

Trait and factor making theory

Answer 1

E.G. Williamson based on his knowledge of Frank Parsons; the father of guidance. Relies on tests & assessments to match traits, aptitude and interests with a given occupation

Question 2

John Holland’s 6 personality and work environments career typology

Answer 2

Realistic-machine shop worker or dog walker
Investigative-researcher or chemist
Artistic- singer or book author
Social- teacher or counselor
Enterprising- sales person or business owner
Conventional- secretary or file clerk; person is categorized using three digit codes

Question 3

Donald Super’s self concept & developmental stage theory

Answer 3

AKA life span; Life rainbow helps conceptualize roles a child, student citizen, worker, spouse etc.

Question 4

Anne Roe’s early childhood needs-theory approach

Answer 4

vocational choice is related to personality development at such a young age.

Question 5

Ginzberg Group

Answer 5

Created by an economist, psychiatrist, sociologist and psychologist; first developmental approach to occupational choice. 
Developmental stages are:
Fantasy-11 and under
Tentative- 11 to 17
Realistic- 17 into early adulthood

Question 6

Mark Savickas’ career construction postmodern theory

Answer 6

heavily rooted in narrative therapy in which the client’s life is viewed as a story they constructed and interventions focuses on recurring themes to re-author the story; critical of most traditional theories

Question 7

Social cognitive counseling theory (SCCT)

Answer 7

focuses on how one’s belief system impacts career choice

Question 8

Linda Gottfredson’s theory of cicumscription

Answer 8

Phase One: Rule out certain jobs not acceptable for gender, stereotypes and social class and compromise
Phase Two- change mind, major etc if career path is not truly realistic

Question 9

Edgar H. Schein’s career anchors theory

Answer 9

Anchors manifest 5 to 10 years after a person begins work and guide future career choices; Anchors are based on the self-concept, abilities, and what the person is good at.

Question 10

Anne Roe’s 6 occupational levels

Answer 10

1) Professional and managerial 1
2) Professional and managerial 2
3) Semiprofessional/small business
4) Skilled
5) Semi skilled
6) Unskilled

Question 11

Career rainbow

Answer 11

graphic display of the roles unfolding over the life span

Question 12

John Crites

Answer 12

well known for Career Maturity Inventory (CMI) that measures attitudes and competencies related to the career choice process

Question 13

David Tiedman and Robert O’Hara

Answer 13

proposed the decision making theory; which refers to periods of anticipation and implementation/adjustment.
Anticipation stage: individual imagines themselves in a given career
Implementation stage: the person engages in reality testing regarding their expectations concerning the occupation

Question 14

Gelatt Decision Model

Answer 14

Harry B. Gelatt; refers to information as the fuel of the decision.

Question 15

OOH

Answer 15

Occupational Outlook Handbook

Question 16

Contrast effect

Answer 16

in career placement settings this term is used to suggest an interviewer’s impression of an interviewee is often affected by previous interviewees

Question 17

Compensatory effect

Answer 17

suggests that a worker compensates or makes up for things they can’t do on the job Ex: a librarian may be loud after work

Question 18

Spillover effect

Answer 18

when an individual’s work spills over into their time off work

Question 19

Recency effect

Answer 19

occurs when a rater’s judgment of an employee reflects primarily their most recent performance

Question 20

Leniency/Strictness Bias

Answer 20

occurs when a rater tends to give employees very high/lenient or very low/strict ratings while avoiding the middle/average rating

Question 21

Central Tendency Bias

Answer 21

raters who rate people in the average range

Question 22

Reentry women

Answer 22

refers to women who go from working within the home to working outside the home; typically experience an extremely high degree of career indecision

Question 23

In basket technique

Answer 23

a job stimulation in which the job candidate is given a basket of memos, emails, messages, reports etc that they would typically encounter. The person doing the hiring monitors how the candidates makes decisions, prioritizes, responds and delegates

Question 24

Robert Hoppock

Answer 24

feels that to make an accurate career decision you must know your personal needs and then find an occupation that meets a high percentage of the needs; as your personal needs change an individual to secure a different occupation