Social conditions : Population Flashcards
When was the first census taken?
-1897
What can population figures before 1897 be described as?
‘guesstimates’
Why does the official census need to be treated with caution?
-inconsistent methods used to collect data.
When was the biggest spurt in population?
From 1870-1917 and interwar period
What were rising birth rates stimulated by?
-Witte’s great spurts and Stalin 5 year plans
-Higher chance of regular employment (people marry when its affordable)
What did industrialisation also stimulate?
Urbanisation- people moving to Moscow or St Petersburg for work
What did urbanisation lead to?
-Poor living standards.
Which government policy had a direct influence on demographics?
-The emancipation edict 1861-marry who they wanted
-civil marriage after October revolution- more families split up- divorce
-1926 abortion- revoked to when the mothers life is in danger- changed again
How did Stalin counter the increase in divorce after the October revolution?
-during the war: ‘distinctions to mother heroines’- ten or more children had substantial financial rewards.
