Industrial policies of Alexander III Flashcards

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1
Q

What did Nikolay Bunge introduce under Alexander III?

A

-Peasant land banks.
-abolition of poll and salt tax.
-ownership of railways.

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2
Q

What percentage of railways in public ownership?

A

-69% (under nic)

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3
Q

What did Alexander blame Bunge for?

A

-fall in value of rouble and replaced with Vyshnegradsky.

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4
Q

What did Vyshnegradsky do?

A

-balance government budget.
-utilise government income.
-1891 famine his fault.

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5
Q

Why was the 1891 famine Vyshnegradsky’s fault?

A

-exported large amounts of grain even with the prospect of domestic shortage and starvation.

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6
Q

Who initiated the ‘great spurt’?

A

Witte

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7
Q

What were Witte’s main ideas?

A

-total commitment to industrialisation to improve the military.
-‘substitution effect’

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8
Q

What were Witte’s main policies?

A

-foreign loans, raising taxes and interest.
-foreign experts
-fixing the rouble to the ‘gold standard’ to give investors confidence.
-investment- industry+ railway
-further industrialisation- move from private enterprise.

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9
Q

What were the result/impact of Witte’s economic policies?

A

-coal, iron steel production increase
-stimulus to new technology
-railway increased
-income from industry increased.

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10
Q

What criticisms did Witte’s policies face?

A

-exaggerated success.
-neglected engineering, textiles and agriculture.
-reliance on dangerous foreign loans- not having ‘home grown’ talent
-railway expensive but not as good as Europe.

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11
Q

How many times less did Russia have railways compared to Germany?

A

11X less.

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12
Q

Which railway line was particularly poorly constructed?

A

The Siberian line.

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13
Q

What era is most comparable to Witte’s industrialisation?

A

Stalin’s five year plan era

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14
Q

How much was coal and steel production increased by?

A

-7 fold.

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15
Q

How much did the amount of railways increase?

A

Around doubled.

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