Agricultural policies of Stalin Flashcards
What was a Kulak considered to be?
-somebody who owns more than 3 cows (raised to 6)
What did Stalin associate Kulak’s with?
-hoarding+ shortages.
How were Kulak’s persecuted?
-higher taxes, children no entry to state schools.
-stripped bare to find hidden wealth
-items sold to other villagers
What is meant by collectivisation?
-bringing together small farms to create one big one.
How was collectivisation supposed to work?
-as much food as possible to feed themselves and urban.
-farms managed so nobody starves
-based on the belief people were hoarding for beset prices
What percentage of peasants/ farms voluntarily collectivised?
1%
How did Stalin achieve ‘mass collectivisation’
-eradicated NEP
-Eradicated ‘Kulaks’
What did Kulaks do to try and avoid the authorities?
-slaughter animals
-abandon homes.
3 standards of Kulaks if they were found?
-fortunate- reallocated to poor land
-standard- concentration camps
-Malicious- shot.
Between 1928 and 1929, how many Kulak families deported?
-3 million
How many Kulak families shot?
30,000
Why can Kulaks be considered as a myth?
-invented to blame the failure of communist strategies.
What did Dekulakisation and collectivisation collectively make according to Stalin?
-‘a class war in the countryside’
How was collectivisation not voluntary?
-explained to villagers at special meetings
-given incentives like tractors to give up Kulaks
What was meant by a Kolkhozy?
-farm partly organised by state but not directly employed
-could have house, small plot and few animals.
What was meant by a Sovkhozy?
-farms owned by the state with state employees.
What percentage of peasants were in Kolkhozy by 1937?
93%
What was the difference between first and second wave collectivisation?
-allowed to keep a small plot of land.
What is an MTS? (motor tractor station)
-tractors and heavy equipment loan
-distributing seed
-collecting grain.
-levels of payment for production
-what a farmer could keep.
What disrupted the development of collectivisation?
-Famine of 1932-4
What did Stalin have to do in response to the famine of 1932-4?
-special charter improve famer payments
-improved productivity.
By 1941 what percentage of peasant households were in collective farms?
98%
Reasons for resistance of collectivisation programmes?
-Mir abolition
-No right to make extra income
-collectives more likely to contribute to food shortages rather than held- requisitioning- famine man made.
