Industrial policies of Lenin Flashcards
What are two main policies by Lenin that could be described as industrial in certain aspects?
State capitalism, war communism and the NEP.
Why did Lenin believe state capitalism was essential to help the war?
-to survive the effects
-lots of opposition from Brest Litosvick
What nullified any positive impacts of state capitalism?
-the civil war.
Example of how the civil war knocked industry?
-coal fell form 29M tonnes to 8.9M tonnes from 1913-1929
What were the statistics on how bad inflation had got by 1917?
-October 1920- only 1% of what it was worth in 1917. (roubles),
What were lots of services described as during the worst part of inflation?
‘in kind’- impossible to charge for them/ be paid in the same way.
What did Lenin use alongside state capitalism?
war communism
What were the key features of war communism?
-Nationalisation of industry
-Partial militarisation of labour (meeting war needs)
-Grain requisitioning
Who would be given the grain that was requisitioned?
-urban workers and army
What were the key features of the new economic policy?
-denationalisation
-state control on heavy industry but trusts responsible for money and payments.
-removal of restrictions of private goods
-foreign trade ect.
-end grain requisitioning.
What were the short- term impacts of NEP?
-industrial output increased
-emergence of the Nepmen. (3/4 of all trade)
-monthly wage increase
-grain, coal increased in production.
How much trade were ‘Nepmen’ responsible for?
60%
Why were people becoming increasingly annoyed by Nepmen?
‘underhand wheeling and dealing’
What was a negative impact of the NEP?
-Scissors crisis- had more food produced than domestic demand so prices decreased
-Manufactured foods increased at a much slower pace.
What were the consequences of war communism?
-decline in industrial workers from 3M in 1917 to 1.25M in 1922.
-Population decrease of St Petersburg.
Under war communism what did Trotsky call trade unions?
‘unnecessary chatterboxes’
Under war communism what was the decree of nationalisation?
-all businesses with 10 or more employees owned by state.
In 1920s, workers were brought under military discipline under war communism, what did this mean?
-pay non-negotiable
-no questioning orders
-severe penalties for poor workmanship.
What 3 decrees were issued in 1917 under state capitalism?
1.land- divided and gave to peasants
2.decree on workers control- workers committees ran factories
3.supreme economic council to run nationalised industries.
