social change Flashcards
why was there more focus on women’s traditional roles and birth
- GLF pressure on women eg doing backyard furnaces meant they shifted to more work focused roles
- the great famine meant birth rates decreased
= 1960s there was more emphasis on women’s traditional roles
when did the ccp policy towards birth shift back
1964, there was more pressure to restrict population growth
what came about due to the pressure to restrict population growth
The Birth Planning Commission was part of the 3rd 5 year plan in 1966
how did they limit birth
slogan “later, longer, fewer”
implementation of birth control in rural areas eg in Hebei by 1965, 70% were using contraception
why was the implementation of birth control successful
was through propaganda rather than compulsion
how were women given opportunities x5
-All China Women’s Federation set up in 1949. by 1955 had 40,000 people in 83 cities
- literacy mass campaigns. by ‘58, 16 million women coulf read
-1950 Marriage Law - dowry remains but limited concubines i thibk
-ACWF Marriage Problems Teams. helped access divorce.
-TARGET for representative bodies to have 1/4 women
stat on womens literacy
by ‘58, 16 million women coulf read
stat on womens federation
-All China Women’s Federation set up in 1949. by 1955 had 40,000 people in 83 cities
TARGET for female representation in politics
1/4 women in all representative bodies
Stat for women representation for 1953
in the 1953 elections 12% elected were women
mao’s vision for education
- mao rejected traditional chinese education adn western influence (cultural imperialism)
- “learn by doing”
- economic development required training large numbers of skilled specialists (following sino-soviet split)
- 1955 mandarin simplified to pinyin = nationalised
when was pinyin nationalised
1955
stat on education 1956
by 1956 less than 1/2 of children 7-16 were in full time education
stats on schools 1976
96% of children were enrolled in primary schools
stat on education adn culture spending
in 1952, education and culture spending only took 6.45% of the total budget = not a priority
how were universities remodelled
- higher education was expanded and focused on technical and scientific subjects due to the deficit
- many sent to study in the USSR pre-sino-soviet split
- china isolated itself as there were no longer opportunities to study in the west
political indoctrination of the young
- the youth pioneers (6-14)
- communist youth league (14-28)
they would monitor school activity
how were the communist youth league involved with ccp activity and monitoring in 1950s
in the thought reform campaign, members of the CYL were placed on every dining hall table and dormitories. spread propaganda and monitor
western cultural influences pre-1949
- missionaries who created schools and unis
- merchants
- music eg jazz
travellers.
how did the ccp portray western culture and traditional chinese culture after 1949
seen as degenerate and imperialist and traditional chinese culture seen as outdated
thought reform campaign emphasises this
examples of censorship in books
all publishers had to register with the state
example of censorship in film
- Film Steering Committee
- CCP saw the potential for films to spread propaganda so post 1949 attempted to rebuild Shanghai film industry
example of censorship in religion of ccp
ccp members were prohibited from belonging to any religion (as ccp is officially atheist)
women as equal quote
“women hold up half the sky”
1959 education stat primary
by 1959, 100% received primary education
New Marriage Law
1950
- outlawed arranged marriages
- concubines banned
- unmarried, divorces/widowed women given the same rights to own property as men
- divorce made equally accessible
why was the new marriage law ineffective
- matchmakers continued
- exchange of gifts between families
- divorce remained hard to obtain and society wasnt set up to support divorced women
- divorced women often ostracised
= lots of resistance
1953 divorce rate stat
in 1953, divorce rate 12x greater than 1949
arranged marriage stat
1949 30% marriages arranged, 1966 0.8%
divorce rate in one province
Gansu province divorce rate was 60%
examples of women in official position
- Li Dequan first minister of Health in PRC, Shi Liang first Ministers of Justice (1949)
BUT no women succeeded in gaining prominent positions in the CCP hierarchy
when was Buddhism established
1953 - the Buddhist Association of China
