later int rel phillipa Flashcards
What caused the Sino-Soviet split?
A mixture of ideology, Maoist vs Marxist, and the inability to sustain the leading and being-led relationship after the 1956 revolts
Key events included the Cuban Missile Crisis and the Sino-Indian War, as well as differing views on revolution and support for countries like Albania.
What was the significance of Tibet for China’s wider international relations?
If Tibet remained outside China’s control, it would drift closer to India, with which it had geographical proximity and cultural affinity
Tibetans viewed India as their spiritual mentor, complicating China’s position.
Was China in an internationally weak position in 1962?
Yes, especially following the Sino-Indian War and the Cuban Missile Crisis, which worsened Sino-Soviet relations.
What did Mao Zedong link his foreign and internal political ideological struggles to?
He linked them to Sino-Soviet ideological disputes to push for his radical domestic programs and assert his ideological supremacy.
What was one of the key challenges in Sino-Soviet relations?
The Albanian issue, where China’s support for Albania led to negative consequences in their media coverage in the Soviet Union.
What did Mao accuse the Soviet Union of during the Bucharest Conference in 1960?
He accused the Soviet leaders of trying to encircle and annihilate China.
What major international event in 1962 affected Sino-Soviet relations?
The Cuban Missile Crisis combined with the Sino-Indian War worsened the situation between China and the Soviet Union.
What was the ideological basis of the Sino-Soviet Split?
The split can be traced back to Marxism, where the revolution was expected to come from the urban proletariat, but Mao based his revolution on rural peasants.
What did the Soviets refuse to help China develop?
Nuclear weapons.
In what year did the Sino-Soviet split publicly escalate during the Romanian Communist Party Congress?
1960.
Fill in the blank: The U.S.S.R. offered moral support to the _______ people during their 1959 uprising against China.
Tibetan
What was the outcome of the border clashes between China and India in 1959?
They marked a significant escalation in tensions, leading to military confrontations.
What event led to the Dalai Lama fleeing to India?
The 1959 Tibetan uprising.
True or False: Mao believed that Nehru had significant control over political expression in India.
False.
What did Mao label the Soviet Communist Party as?
A revisionist party.
What was a significant consequence of the Sino-Soviet split on the Cold War?
It turned the Cold War into a three-way standoff among the Soviets, Americans, and Chinese.
What was the cultural relationship between India and Tibet?
There was a two-way intensive religious and cultural interaction, with Tibetans regarding India as their spiritual mentor.
What event in August 1959 marked a significant clash between border troops?
The clash at the McMahon line in Longju where both sides fired.
This was unprecedented at that point and gained attention.
What was the perception of China by India following the 1962 war?
India perceived China as a serious security threat.
This led to an exacerbation of rivalry between the two nations.
How did India’s military response change after the 1962 war?
India massively increased its defense spending and reformed its military.
This was aimed at preventing another surprise Chinese attack.
What specific military capabilities did India develop to confront China?
India developed:
* Aircraft carriers
* Long and medium-range ballistic missiles (Agni-II and Agni-III)
* Nuclear weapons
These were explicitly aimed at countering China’s military threat.
What did Indian Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee claim about India’s nuclear weapons in 1998?
He claimed they were acquired partly to counter a state which committed armed aggression against India in 1962.
This highlights the enduring impact of the 1962 conflict on India’s defense policy.
True or False: The perceived threat from China has intensified the security dilemma between India and China.
True
This has contributed to an ongoing rivalry and arms race.
What was Mao Zedong’s reaction to Soviet proposals regarding a united fleet and long-wave radio station?
Mao expressed irritation, comparing the Soviet demands to Stalin’s behavior.
This indicated a loss of support from Soviet allies due to China’s growing strength.
What were the political consequences of the failures of the Hundred Flowers Campaign and the Great Leap Forward on Chinese foreign policy?
They created a political norm of continuous struggles and a crackdown on divergent opinions.
This made adjustments towards pragmatism and stability difficult and unsustainable.
What military conflict occurred in the summer of 1959 between China and India?
A brief military conflict at Langjiu and Kongka Shankou due to Indian encroachments.
This conflict intensified the border tensions between the two nations.
What was the situation in Indochina during the summer of 1959?
The situation deteriorated due to turmoil in Laos and increased US intervention.
This contributed to the overall tense regional dynamics affecting China.
What conclusion did Beijing reach regarding the international situation in the summer of 1959?
Beijing concluded that ‘the international anti-China tide is rising.’
They perceived imperialism, revisionism, and reactionism as threats.
Fill in the blank: The 1962 war led India to focus on developing its ______ to prevent another surprise attack.
[military]
